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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Analytical chemistry > Qualitative analytical chemistry > Chromatography
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Particulate and Organic Matter Fouling of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems - Characterization, Modelling and Applications. UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis (Paperback)
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Particulate and Organic Matter Fouling of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems - Characterization, Modelling and Applications. UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis (Paperback)
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Characterizing bulk organic matter in seawater and bay water by
various analytical techniques and linking these measurements with
fouling in membrane systems. Furthermore, it aimed for the
development of the Modified Fouling Index - ultrafiltration
(MFI-UF) at constant flux filtration as an accurate test to measure
the particulate fouling potential of a feed water and predict the
rate of fouling in reverse osmosis systems. A new semi-portable
set-up has been successfully developed to perform MFI-UF tests at
constant flux filtration. A significant effect of the filtration
flux on the fouling potential was found. Consequences of this
effect for reverse osmosis systems are that the fouling potential
at low flux drops dramatically; for ultrafiltration systems it
implicates that the rate of fouling increases at high fluxes. The
observed effect of flux on the fouling potential has significant
implications for fouling potential measurements. Deposition factors
in RO systems varied between 0 and 1, depending on location and MFI
pore size, which indicates differences in properties of the
particles present. Fouling potential results in RO fouling rates of
0.2-1 bar/month depending on the pore size of the membranes used
for MFI measurements. The fouling potential of the analysed raw
waters is substantially reduced by conventional pre-treatment
systems and ultrafiltration: for conventional pre-treatment 37 % -
74 % and ultrafiltration 60 % - 95 %, depending on the location and
the MFI pore size.
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