On February 1, 2021, Myanmar was thrown into a state of crisis by a
military coup, abruptly ending a decade of civilian rule. The junta
imprisoned the political opposition and deployed lethal force to
quell dissent, thinking that most people would meekly acquiesce.
However, they underestimated the tenacity of the nascent democracy
that had taken root in the last decade. Instead, a civil
disobedience movement quickly emerged, with people going on strike
across the country to prevent the junta from exerting control,
which was soon followed by armed struggle among urban youth.
Forging the Nation: Land Struggles in Myanmar’s Transition Period
examines how democratic institutions were fought over and built
from 2011 to 2020 through the lens of land politics. This book
explains how the differences in outcomes in the contest over land
are situated in the specific historic and political contexts of
Myanmar’s states and regions, despite them being subject to the
same national dynamics. As Myanmar is an agriculture-based economy
involving two-thirds of the population, land remains a coveted
asset in the era of the "global land rush," referring to the
intensification of capital’s pursuit of land since the food price
surges in 2008–2009. Thus, land is also the ideal lens through
which to understand the dynamics of a country that underwent a
three-part transition: towards democracy, towards peace with a
national ceasefire, and towards open markets after the lifting of
sanctions by the West. Against a fraught democratization process
that unfolded from 2011 to 2020, Forging the Nation looks at how
state and societal actors in Myanmar’s multiethnic society,
recovering from over seven decades of civil war, negotiated land
politics to shape democratic land institutions. By exploring the
interaction of the democratic transition, ethnic politics, and
global capital pressures on land across national, regional, and
local scales, this book provides an overarching frame that pulls
together these three facets that are usually treated separately in
the literature. Finally, by emphasizing the co-constituent
relationship between democratization and land politics, this book
makes a unique contribution to understanding the role of land in
political-economic transitions.
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