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Violence in Europe - Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Paperback, Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2008)
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Violence in Europe - Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Paperback, Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2008)
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Sophie Body-Gendrot How much related are present and past violence?
The answers are complex due to the limited knowledge scientists
have gathered, even after spending a life-time studying this very
enigmatic and most serious social phenomenon called violence. All
authors agree that the present level of interpersonal violence
cannot be sufficiently understood without taking the earlier
long-term decrease into account. Ted Robert Gurr (1981, 1989) was
one of these pioneers who und- took a statistical overview of the
development of homicides from the Middle Ages to the present,
looking at England in particular. On his curve, 20 ho- cides per
100,000 inhabitants were recorded in the High and Late Middle Ages
and one case in the twentieth century put an end to the curb. Gurr
interpreted this long-term decrease in interpersonal violence as "a
manifestation of cultural change in Western society, especially the
growing sensitization to violence and the development of an
increased internal and external control on aggressive behavior"
(Gurr, 1981:258). Currently, both the present and the past have to
be considered in any attempt to answer the following questions: is
the higher incidence of violence which still prevails a temporary
exception or a new trend related to structural dynamics of modern
societies? In which regions of Europe is it more specifically
pronounced? More generally, this volume claims that historical
knowledge of changes in violent behavior and of violence forms an
indispensable contribution to an understanding of the
manifestations of violence in contemporary societies.
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