Between 1850 and 1930, Latin America's integration into the
world economy through the export of raw materials transformed the
region. This encounter was nearly as dramatic as the conquistadors'
epic confrontation with Native American civilizations centuries
before. An emphasis on foreign markets and capital replaced
protectionism and self-sufficiency as the hemisphere's guiding
principles. In many ways, the means employed during this period to
tie Latin America more closely to western Europe and North America
resemble strategies currently in vogue. Much can be learned from
analyzing the first time that Latin Americans embraced export-led
growth.
This book focuses on the impact of three key export commodities:
coffee, henequen, and petroleum. The authors concentrate on these
rather than on national economies because they illustrate more
concretely the interaction between the environment, natural and
human resources, and the world economy. By analyzing how different
products spun complex webs of relationships with their respective
markets, the essays in this book illuminate the tensions and
contradictions found in the often conflictive relationship between
the local and the global, between agency and the not-so-invisible
hand. Ultimately, the contributors argue that the results of the
"second conquest" were not one-sided as Latin Americans and
foreigners together forged a new economic order--one riddled with
contradictions that Latin America is still attempting to resolve
today.
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