The subject of the book is advanced statistical analyses for
quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), and selected
practical issues relating to research synthesis that are not
covered in detail in the many existing introductory books on
research synthesis (or meta-analysis). Complex statistical issues
are arising more frequently as the primary research that is
summarized in quantitative syntheses itself becomes more complex,
and as researchers who are conducting meta-analyses become more
ambitious in the questions they wish to address. Also as
researchers have gained more experience in conducting research
syntheses, several key issues have persisted and now appear
fundamental to the enterprise of summarizing research.
Specifically the book describes multivariate analyses for
several indices commonly used in meta-analysis (e.g., correlations,
effect sizes, proportions and/or odds ratios), will outline how to
do power analysis for meta-analysis (again for each of the
different kinds of study outcome indices), and examines issues
around research quality and research design and their roles in
synthesis. For each of the statistical topics we will examine the
different possible statistical models (i.e., fixed, random, and
mixed models) that could be adopted by a researcher. In dealing
with the issues of study quality and research designit coversa
number of specific topics that are of broad concern to research
synthesists. In many fields a current issue is how to make sense of
results when studies using several different designs appear in a
research literature (e.g., Morris & Deshon, 1997, 2002). In
education and other social sciences a critical aspect of this issue
is how one might incorporate qualitative (e.g., case study)
research within a synthesis. In medicine, related issues concern
whether and how to summarize observational studies, and whether
they should be combined with randomized controlled trials (or even
if they should be combined at all).
For each topic, included is a worked example (e.g., for the
statistical analyses) and/or a detailed description of a published
research synthesis that deals with the practical (non-statistical)
issues covered. "
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