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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Ancient Western philosophy to c 500
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Themistius: On Aristotle Physics 4 (Paperback, Nippod)
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Themistius: On Aristotle Physics 4 (Paperback, Nippod)
Series: Ancient Commentators on Aristotle
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Physics Book 4 is one of Aristotle's most interesting works,
discussing place, time and vacuum. Themistius was a fourth-century
AD orator and essayist, not only a philosopher, and he thought that
only paraphrases of Aristotle were needed, because there were
already such comprehensive commentaries. Nonetheless, his
paraphrastic commentaries are full of innovative comment. According
to Aristotle, there is no such thing as 3-dimensional space. A
thing's exactly-fitting place is a surface, the inner surface of
its immediate surroundings. One problem that this created was that
the outermost stars, in Aristotle's view, have no surroundings, and
so no place. Themistius suggests that we might think instead of the
neighbouring bodies which they surround as providing their place.
Aristotle saw time as something countable, and concluded that it
depends for its existence on that of conscious beings to do the
counting. Themistius is in the minority among commentators in
disagreeing. Themistius concurs with Aristotle in denying the
existence of vacuum. We cannot think that a space formerly empty of
body penetrates right through a body inserted into it. If one
extension could penetrate another, says Themistius, a body could
penetrate a body, because bodies occupy places solely in virtue of
being extended.
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