In nineteenth-century North America the beaver was "brown gold."
It and other furbearing animals were the targets of an extractive
industry like gold mining. Hoping to make their fortunes with the
Hudson's Bay Company, young Scots and Englishmen left their homes
in the British Isles for the Canadian frontier. In the Far
Northwest-northern British Columbia, the Yukon, the western
Northwest Territories, and eastern Alaska-they collaborated with
Indians and French Canadians to send back as many pelts as possible
in return for an allotment of trade goods.
The extraordinary achievements of the trader-adverturers-such
men as Samuel Black, John Bell, and Robert Campbell-have been
overlooked by previous historians because their way was so
difficult and their successes were so meager. Isolated at the end
of 3,000 miles of canoe trails, in fierce competition with Russian
and Indian traders, they always worked against the odds while at
every turn the Bay Company withheld its support in order to
conserve profits.
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