Theophrastus of Eresus in Lesbos, born about 370 BCE, is the author
of the most important botanical works that have survived from
classical antiquity. He was in turn student, collaborator, and
successor of Aristotle. Like his predecessor he was interested in
all aspects of human knowledge and experience, especially natural
science. His writings on plants form a counterpart to Aristotle's
zoological works.
In the "Enquiry into Plants" Theophrastus classifies and
describes varieties--covering trees, plants of particular regions,
shrubs, herbaceous plants, and cereals; in the last of the nine
books he focuses on plant juices and medicinal properties of herbs.
The Loeb Classical Library edition is in two volumes; the second
contains two additional treatises: "On Odours" and "Weather
Signs."
In "De Causis Plantarum" Theophrastus turns to plant physiology.
Books One and Two are concerned with generation, sprouting,
flowering and fruiting, and the effects of climate. In Books Three
and Four Theophrastus studies cultivation and agricultural methods.
In Books Five and Six he discusses plant breeding; diseases and
other causes of death; and distinctive flavours and odours.
Theophrastus's celebrated "Characters" is of a quite different
nature. This collection of descriptive sketches is the earliest
known character-writing and a striking reflection of contemporary
life.
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