This study traces the development of the United States Army's
airborne concept during World War II. More than any other
precedent, German airborne operations against Crete influenced the
evolution of U.S. Army airborne doctrine, organization, and
utilization. Consequently, the author compares the U.S. and german
airborne experiences, with an emphasis on the former.
The formative period ran from 1940 through May 1941, while the
expansion period extended into 1943. A major point of departure and
comparison was the German invasion of Crete in May 1941 (Operation
Merkur), which lent important impetus to U.S> airborne
development. Without knowledge of the severity of German losses at
Crete and the shortcomings in airborne doctrine that the German
experience exposed, U.S. planners accepted Crete as their model on
which to base rapid airborne expansion. Subsequently, Operation
Husky, the invasion of Sicily, taught U.S. airborne planners to to
evolve their own lessons. Crete remained the inspiration, but was
no longer the roadmap.
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