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Chemical Modification, Properties, and Usage of Lignin (Hardcover, 2002 ed.)
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Chemical Modification, Properties, and Usage of Lignin (Hardcover, 2002 ed.)
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Lignin, a plant constituent, is the second most abundant biopolymer
on earth. Every year, the pulp and paper industry generates over 45
million metric tons of lignin as a by-product of chemical wood
pulps and uses about 10 million metric tons of lignin as a
component of mechanical wood pulps. The majority of the by-product
lignin is being used internally as a low-grade fuel for the
chemical pulping operation, while the lignin-rich mechanical wood
pulps are being used mainly to make short-life paper products such
as newsprint and telephone directories because of the
light-instability of lignin. There is a tremendous economic
incentive to find better uses of lignin and to expand the markets
of mechanical wood pulps.
In Asia and other areas of the world where forest resources are
less abundant, non-wood plant materials such as straw and bamboo
have been used to make paper products for many centuries. The
effective isolation and product development of lignin from chemical
pulping of non-wood materials have become increasingly more
important because internal use of the non-wood pulping spent
liquors is difficult and the traditional way of discharging them to
the environment is no longer acceptable.
This volume covers recent developments in chemical modification and
utilization of lignin as a component of polymeric materials such as
starch films, conducting polymers, polyurethanes and
thermoplastics, and as a key building block to make carbon fibers,
soil conditioners, nitrogenous fertilizers, and pulping catalysts.
It also describes recent advances in chemical modification of
lignin aimed at the photostabilization and upgrading of lignin-rich
mechanical wood pulp and paper.
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