Members of the Frankfurt School have had an enormous effect on
Western thought, beginning soon after Max Horkheimer became the
director of the Institute for Social Research at the University of
Frankfurt am Main, in 1930. Also known as the Horkheimer Circle,
the group included such eminent intellectuals as Theodor Adorno,
Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Leo Lowenthal, and Friedrich Pollock.
Fleeing Nazi oppression, Horkheimer moved the Institute and many of
its affiliated scholars to Columbia University in 1934, where it
remained until 1950. Until now, the conventional portrayal of the
Institute has held that its members found refuge by relocating to
Columbia but that they had little contact with, or impact on,
American intellectual life. With insight and clarity, Thomas
Wheatland demonstrates that the standard account is wrong. Based on
deep archival research in Germany and in the United States, and on
interviews conducted with luminaries such as Daniel Bell, Bernadine
Dohrn, Peter Gay, Todd Gitlin, Nathan Glazer, Tom Hayden, Robert
Merton, and others, Wheatland skillfully traces the profound
connections between the Horkheimer Circle’s members and the
intellectual life of the era. Reassessing the group’s involvement
with the American New Left in the 1960s, he argues that Herbert
Marcuse’s role was misunderstood in shaping the radical student
movement’s agenda. More broadly, he illustrates how the Circle
influenced American social thought and made an even more dramatic
impression on German postwar sociology. Although much has been
written about the Frankfurt School, this is the first book to
closely examine the relationship between its members and their
American contemporaries. The Frankfurt School in Exile uncovers an
important but neglected dimension of the history of the Frankfurt
School and adds immeasurably to our understanding of the
contributions made by its émigré intellectuals to postwar
intellectual life.
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