In this first scientific survey of political participation in the
People's Republic of China, Tianjian Shi identifies twenty-eight
participatory acts and groups them into seven areas: voting,
campaign activities, appeals, adversarial activities, cronyism,
resistance, and boycotts. What he finds will surprise many
observers. Political participation in a closed society is not
necessarily characterized by passive citizens driven by regime
mobilization aimed at carrying out predetermined goals. Beijing
citizens acknowledge that they actively engage in various voluntary
participatory acts to articulate their interests.
In a society where communication channels are controlled by the
government, Shi discovers, access to information from unofficial
means becomes the single most important determinant for people's
engaging in participatory acts. Government-sponsored channels of
appeal are easily accessible to ordinary citizens, so socioeconomic
resources are unimportant in determining who uses these channels.
Instead, voter turnout is found to be associated with the type of
work unit a person belongs to, subjective evaluations of one's own
economic status, and party affiliation. Those most likely to engage
in campaign activities, adversarial activities, cronyism,
resistance, and boycotts are the more disadvantaged groups in
Beijing. While political participation in the West fosters a sense
of identification, the unconventional modes of participation in
Beijing undermine the existing political order.
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