This book took the task of conceptualizing the change of African
Civilization in the 21st century. It examines African Civilization
and its encounters in view of the last 500 years of European and
American slavery, exploitation and diplomatic paralysis. In
post-colonial Africa (1960-2014), foreign powers have more
influence on Africa. However, Africa cannot claim to have the
diplomatic prestige to influence European, American or Asian
powers. The overwhelming challenges that Africa has been
experiencing did attract global reaction ranging from military
intervention, diplomatic push or pull (rarely in between), and
frequent humanitarian involvements. It is still inconclusive if
global attention on Africa has had impact as much as it has been a
stomping ground for advisors, donors, politicians, international
agencies and a phalanx of well-meaning NGOs. However, their impact
can be exemplified by the fact that in Sub-Saharan Africa, every
second individual still does not have access to fresh water and
electricity in the 21st century. In this book, the focus is put on
Sub-Saharan Africa, where every other habitant has no access to
fresh water and electricity. In this book, the following
modernization strategies are recognized and discussed in Africa
today: Westernizatio, Africanization, Chinezation, and
Globalization. The evaluation of these policies is done with the
civilization approach which is characterized by a big-picture view
of the integration of society, culture (including religion), and
infrastructure over a long period of time on a large territory.
Furthermore, in the 21st century, global civilization are forming
and penetrating contemporary civilizations such as: Western,
Eastern, Chinese, Japanese, Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu, and African
enforcing the development of large scale global businesses and
capital. In such a context, should African Civilization follow the
questionable policy of Westernization and Globalization? Or should
it not follow these challenges and avoid the temptations of fast
development and look rather towards the Africanization approach,
which could make it last longer than the so called more modern,
mentioned civilizations. These kinds of considerations are debated
in this book.
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