Area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP)
procedures are fundamental to the implementation of a performance
based navigation (PBN) system, which is a key enabling technology
for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). As new
RNAV and RNP procedures are developed, they are published as
chartsfor use by appropriately qualified pilots. These chartsand
procedures describe paths that must be flown preciselyfor
improveduse ofairspace and safety.In this document, we considerhow
chartsfor both conventional and PBN procedures are designedfrom
ahuman factors perspective.First, we document current charting
challenges and mitigation strategies. Next, wedescribe areview
ofprocedures thatwas done to discover whichfeatures wererelated to
difficulty of use or visual complexity. The moredifficult
instrument approachcharts depict procedures with moreflight paths,
path segments, and radius-to-fix legs.Standard instrument departure
procedures that are more difficult show more flight paths. Standard
terminal arrival route procedures that are more difficult have more
total altitude constraints and path segments.Finally, we describe
the process for designing and implementing new instrument
procedures, whichinvolves significant coordination both inside and
outside the government
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