Vitruvius (Marcus V. Pollio), Roman architect and engineer, studied
Greek philosophy and science and gained experience in the course of
professional work. He was one of those appointed to be overseers of
imperial artillery or military engines, and was architect of at
least one unit of buildings for Augustus in the reconstruction of
Rome. Late in life and in ill health he completed, sometime before
27 BCE, "De Architectura" which, after its rediscovery in the
fifteenth century, was influential enough to be studied by
architects from the early Renaissance to recent times.
In "On Architecture" Vitruvius adds to the tradition of Greek
theory and practice the results of his own experience. The contents
of this treatise in ten books are as follows. Book 1: Requirements
for an architect; town planning; design, cities, aspects; temples.
2: Materials and their treatment. Greek systems. 3: Styles. Forms
of Greek temples. Ionic. 4: Styles. Corinthian, Ionic, Doric;
Tuscan; altars. 5: Other public buildings (fora, basilicae,
theatres, colonnades, baths, harbours). 6: Sites and planning,
especially of houses. 7: Construction of pavements, roads, mosaic
floors, vaults. Decoration (stucco, wall painting, colours). 8:
Hydraulic engineering; water supply; aqueducts. 9: Astronomy. Greek
and Roman discoveries; signs of the zodiac, planets, moon phases,
constellations, astrology, gnomon, sundials. 10: Machines for war
and other purposes.
General
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