The Yunnanese from southwestern China have for millennia traded
throughout upland Southeast Asia. Burma in particular has served as
a "back door" to Yunnan, providing a sanctuary for political
refugees and economic opportunities for trade explorers. Since the
Chinese Communist takeover in 1949 and subsequent political
upheavals in China, an unprecedented number of Yunnanese refugees
have fled to Burma. Through a personal narrative approach, Beyond
Borders is the first ethnography to focus on the migration history
and transnational trading experiences of contemporary Yunnanese
Chinese migrants (composed of both Yunnanese Han and Muslims) who
reside in Burma and those who have moved from Burma and resettled
in Thailand, Taiwan, and China.
Since the 1960s, Yunnanese Chinese migrants of Burma have
dominated the transnational trade in opium, jade, and daily
consumption goods. Wen-Chin Chang writes with deep knowledge of
this trade's organization from the 1960s of mule-driven caravans to
the use of modern transportation, and she reconstructs trading
routes while examining embedded sociocultural meanings. These
Yunnanese migrants mobility attests to the prevalence of travel not
only by the privileged but also by different kinds of people. Their
narratives disclose individual life processes as well as networks
of connections, modes of transportation, and differences between
the experiences of men and women. Through traveling they have
carried on the mobile livelihoods of their predecessors, expanding
overland trade beyond its historical borderlands between Yunnan and
upland Southeast Asia to journeys further afield by land, sea, and
air."
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