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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Social & political philosophy
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Punishment and Shame - A Philosophical Study (Hardcover, New)
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Punishment and Shame - A Philosophical Study (Hardcover, New)
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Punishment is the imposition, by a legitimate authority, of a
painful consequence upon one who has offended the social order by
indulging in acts contrary to the social good. Punishment is
understood to serve a primary objective in any society: it
rehabilitates or reforms (re-forms or shapes anew) the psyches of
social offenders to bring them in line with prevailing codes of
behavior. Punishment thus is a highly conservative force, affirming
simultaneously the codes of conduct deemed desirable within the
society and the status quo of power relations that hold sway in the
society. Punishment is a form of social teaching. One of the
favorite forms of didactic pain to which legitimate authorities
turn, in teaching conformity to social regulations, is the
psychological pain of shame. Shame is a special favorite in the
penology of societies of the Western world, whose governing logic
is already grounded in the shame-based religions of Judaism and
Christianity. Parents, school teachers, religious leaders, and
state authorities readily employ shame as an effective method for
teaching social lessons. Shame is a powerful force that reaches
deep into the psyche of the offender and gnaws away at her sense of
self-worth and identity, with longstanding and devastating
existential effects. Shame has profound and enduring effects,
because it has the capacity to transform an empirical fact (of
having done something unacceptable) into an ontological reality (of
being unacceptable as a human being). Shame dehumanizes. Shame is a
powerfully effective tool for altering behavior, but because shame
dehumanizes, it often fails to have the effect that the punisher is
seeking to bring about. Shame sickens souls, rather than cures
them. It sickens them to such a degree that shame more often acts
as a promoter of criminality than as a teacher of the social good.
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