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CHAPTER IV PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WAB- THE phenomena of
regression, the failure of sublimation, take on similar characters
in the individual and thus also in the group which reflects the
conjoined reactions of its individual members. I have already
indicated in a general way the nature of some of these reactions,
the primitive ones of hate, cruelty, and deceit. In the individuals
these tendencies manifest themselves in killing, looting, burning,
rape, and all manner of bloodshed and violence, such as bring about
the general feeling of the collapse of civilization. Some of these
reactions show with especial clearTHOUGHTS OF A PSYCHIATRIST ness
the regressive tendencies. It is the sex instinct, for example,
which, in the course of cultural development, is most subjected to
repression and suffers infinite distortions in its efforts to find
expression and free itself from the fetters of innumerable taboos.
Quite characteristically, therefore, do we find that acts of sexual
violence and lawlessness characterize the conduct of the
unrestrained soldiery. The sex instinct in its manifold
manifestations which under repression produces in times of peace,
for the most part, neuroses which are crippling to the individual
only, in times of war leads to overt acts of concrete indulgence
often at the expense of the lives of others. Loosed from the usual
bonds of convention and social restraint it tends to outcrop in
veritable orgies of lust. It is quite similar with other socially
repressed tendencies. Hate manifests itself in wanton destruction,
an infantile type of reaction, that reminds us of the angered child
that breaks up its toys and tears up its books. Some of these hate
reactions show peculiarly their infantile sources, such as the
defilement of temporary quarters in captu...
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