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Ichnographia Rustica - Stephen Switzer and the designed landscape (Paperback)
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Ichnographia Rustica - Stephen Switzer and the designed landscape (Paperback)
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One of the most significant occurrences in the history of design
was the creation of the English Landscape Garden. Accounts of its
genesis...the surprising structural change from the formal to a
seeming informal are numerous. But none has ever been quite
convincing and none satisfactorily placed the contributions of
Stephen Switzer. Unlike his contemporaries, Switzer - an 18th
century author of books on gardening and agricultural improvement -
grasped a quite new principle: that the fashionable pursuit of
great gardens should be "rural and extensive", rather than merely
the ornamentation of a particular part of an estate. Switzer saw
that a whole estate could be enjoyed as an aesthetic experience,
and by the process of improving its value, could increase wealth.
By encouraging improvers to see the garden in his enlarged sense,
he opened up the adjoining countryside, the landscape, and made the
whole a subject of unified design. Some few followed his advice
immediately, such as Bathurst at Cirencester. But it took some time
for his ideas to become generally accepted. Could this vision, and
its working out in practice between 1710 and 1740 be the very
reason for such changes? 300 years after the first volume of his
writings began to be published; this book offers a timely critical
examination of lessons learned and Switzer's roles. In major
influential early works at Castle Howard and Blenheim, and later
the more "minor" works such as Spy Park, Leeswood or Rhual, the
relationships between these designs and his writings is
demonstrated. In doing so, it makes possible major reassessment of
the developments, and thus our attitudes to well-known works. It
provides an explanation of how he, and his colleagues and
contemporaries first made what he had called Ichnographia Rustica,
or more familiarly Modern Gardening from the mid-1740s, land later
landscape gardens. It reveals an exceptional innovator, who by
transforming the philosophical way in which nature was viewed,
integrated good design with good farming and horticultural practice
for the first time. It raises the issue of the cleavage in thought
of the later 18th century, essentially whether the ferme ornee as
the mixture of utile and dulci was the perfect designed landscape,
or whether this was the enlarged garden with features of "unadorned
nature"? The book discusses these considerable and continuing
contrary influences on later work, and suggests Switzer has many
lessons for how contemporary landscape and garden design ought be
perceived and practised.
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