The most difficult challenge for a terrorist organization
seeking to build a nuclear weapon or improvised nuclear device is
obtaining fissile material, either plutonium or highly enriched
uranium (HEU). Experts acknowledge that obtaining HEU, uranium that
has been processed to increase the proportion of the U-235 isotope
to over 20%, is the most difficult challenge facing a state or
non-state actor seeking to build a nuclear explosive. The large
stocks of HEU in civilian use, many not adequately protected, are
thus one of the greatest security risks facing the global community
at present. This book contains chapters examining the various uses
for this material and possible alternatives; the threat posed by
this material; the economic, political and strategic obstacles to
international efforts to end the use of HEU for commercial and
research purposes; as well as new national and international
measures that should be taken to further the elimination of
HEU.
This book was published as a special issue of The
Nonproliferation Review.
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