A principal aim of computer graphics is to generate images that
look as real as photographs. Realistic computer graphics imagery
has however proven to be quite challenging to produce, since the
appearance of materials arises from complicated physical processes
that are difficult to analytically model and simulate, and
image-based modeling of real material samples is often impractical
due to the high-dimensional space of appearance data that needs to
be acquired.
This book presents a general framework based on the inherent
coherency in the appearance data of materials to make image-based
appearance modeling more tractable. We observe that this coherence
manifests itself as low-dimensional structure in the appearance
data, and by identifying this structure we can take advantage of it
to simplify the major processes in the appearance modeling
pipeline. This framework consists of two key components, namely the
coherence structure and the accompanying reconstruction method to
fully recover the low-dimensional appearance data from sparse
measurements. Our investigation of appearance coherency has led to
three major forms of low-dimensional coherence structure and three
types of coherency-based reconstruction upon which our framework is
built.
This coherence-based approach can be comprehensively applied to
all the major elements of image-based appearance modeling, from
data acquisition of real material samples to user-assisted modeling
from a photograph, from synthesis of volumes to editing of material
properties, and from efficient rendering algorithms to physical
fabrication of objects. In this book we present several techniques
built on this coherency framework to handle various appearance
modeling tasks both for surface reflections and subsurface
scattering, the two primary physical components that generate
material appearance. We believe that coherency-based appearance
modeling will make it easier and more feasible for practitioners to
bring computer graphics imagery to life.
This book is aimed towards readers with an interest in computer
graphics. In particular, researchers, practitioners and students
will benefit from this book by learning about the underlying
coherence in appearance structure and how it can be utilized to
improve appearance modeling. The specific techniques presented in
our manuscript can be of value to anyone who wishes to elevate the
realism of their computer graphics imagery. For understanding this
book, an elementary background in computer graphics is assumed,
such as from an introductory college course or from practical
experience with computer graphics.
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