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Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments (Paperback)
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Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments (Paperback)
Series: IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series
Expected to ship within 9 - 15 working days
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This thesis describes the occurrence of microbial and chemical
contaminants in swimming pools and the investigation of an
alternative disinfection technology, UVOX Redox (R) that could
reduce reliance on chlorine and the formation of chlorinated
disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pools. This technology
was effective in inactivation of chlorine resistant microorganisms,
represented by Bacillus subtilis spores, and in combination with
chlorine generated lower concentrations of chlorinated DBPs
compared to chlorination alone. It enhanced the removal of
pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which were
frequently present in indoor, outdoor and spa pools. Carbamazepine
and 1H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected PPCPs, while
hydrochlorothiazide and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor were detected
at the highest concentration. An investigation of seven different
swimming pool facilities showed that clinically relevant fungi were
omnipresent. Floors at the sites where the pool visitors converge,
such as the exit leading to shower rooms, showed the highest fungal
concentrations. The distribution of fungi inside the swimming pool
facilities highlighted potential transmission pathways and a
possible risk of fungal infections. Future swimming pool water
guidance should include raising awareness among swimmers, pool
operators and managers about hygienic behaviour and better hygiene
measures, and application of alternative disinfection technologies
such as UVOX. Key features: Identifies clinically relevant fungi in
swimming pool environments Identifies potential transmission
pathways of clinically relevant fungi in indoor swimming pools
Highlights the occurrence of PPCPs in different type of pools and
their relation with pool water treatment Assesses an alternative
disinfection technology for swimming pool water treatment.
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