The concept of moral injury emerged in the past decade as a way to
understand how traumatic levels of moral emotions generate moral
anguish experienced by some military service members.
Interdisciplinary research on moral injury has included clinical
psychologists (Litz et al., 2009; Drescher et al., 2011),
theologians (Brock & Lettini, 2012; Graham, 2017), ethicists
(Kinghorn, 2012), and philosophers (Sherman, 2015). This project
articulates a new key concept-moral orienting systems- a dynamic
matrix of meaningful values, beliefs, behaviors, and relationships
learned and changed over time and through formative experiences and
relationships such as family of origin, religious and other
significant communities, mentors, and teachers. Military recruit
training reengineers pre-existing moral orienting systems and
indoctrinates a military moral orienting system designed to support
functioning within the military context and the demands of the
high-stress environment of combat, including immediate responses to
perceived threat. This military moral orienting system includes new
values and beliefs, new behaviors, and new meaningful
relationships. Recognizing the profound impact of military recruit
training, this project challenges dominant notions of
post-deployment reentry and reintegration, and formulates a new
paradigm for first, understanding the generative circumstances of
ongoing moral stress that include moral emotions like guilt, shame,
disgust, and contempt, and, second, for responding to such human
suffering through compassionate care and comprehensive restorative
support. This project calls for more effective participation of
religious communities in the reentry and reintegration process and
for a military-wide post-deployment reentry program comparable to
the encompassing physio-psycho-spiritual-social transformative
intensity experienced in recruit-training boot camp.
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