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Democracy Works asks how we can learn to nurture, deepen and consolidate democracy in Africa. By analyzing transitions within and beyond the continent, the authors identify a 'democratic playbook' robust enough to withstand threats to free and fair elections. However, substantive democracy demands more than just regular polls. It is fundamentally about the inner workings of institutions, the rule of law, separation of powers, checks and balances, and leadership in government and civil society. It is also about values and the welfare and well-being of its citizens, and demands local leadership with a plan for the country beyond simply winning the popular vote.
This volume addresses the political, economic and extreme demographic challenges that Africa faces. It is intended as a resource for members of civil society and as a guide for all who seek to enjoy the political and development benefits of democracy in the world's poorest continent. Finally, it is for donors and external actors who have to face critical decisions--especially after ill-fated electoral interventions such as Kenya 2017--about the future of observer missions and aid promoting democracy and good governance.
South Africa has one of the highest rates of extreme violence cases
in the world, which has created a critical need for counsellors to
be trained specifically in this area. In Trauma counselling:
Principles and practice in South Africa today, a team of academics
and practitioners have compiled a hands-on, yet theoretically
grounded and evidence-based South African textbook on counselling
victims of trauma.
The first part of this publication focuses on
the range of potentially traumatic events that commonly occur in
South Africa. It clearly describes themes related to traumatic
events and traumatic stress and introduces the basic principles of
trauma counselling. This section also focuses on how traumatic
stress may manifest in different client groups. The second part
aims to familiarise students with a range of strategies suitable
for trauma counselling, such as brief interventions, cognitive
behaviour therapy, the narrative approach, strength-based
interventions and integrated or alternative approaches.
The final
chapter is a personal one, in which the authors reflect on the
lessons they have learnt from their own practice and the techniques
they have developed to protect themselves from vicarious trauma.
Whether you are looking for an introduction to the field of tree
balance, a reference work on the multitude of available balance
indices or inspiration for your future research, this book offers
all three. It delves into the significance of tree balance in
phylogenetics and other research domains, where numerous indices
have been introduced over the years. While the variations in
definitions and underlying principles among these indices have long
remained a challenge, this survey addresses the problem by
presenting formal definitions of balance and imbalance indices and
establishing desirable properties. The book is comprehensive
both in the inclusion of a variety of indices and in the
information provided on them: the authors meticulously analyze and
categorize established indices, shedding light on their general,
statistical and combinatorial properties. They reveal that, while
some known balance indices fail to meet the most basic criteria,
certain tree shape statistics from other contexts prove to be
effective balance measures. The collected properties are neatly
presented, numerous new results are established, open research
questions are highlighted, and possible applications are discussed.
Reviewing over twenty (im)balance indices, a wealth of mathematical
insights is provided, accompanied by real-world examples showcasing
the importance of tree balance in diverse research areas. Catering
to researchers, students, mathematicians, and biologists, the book
can be used as a textbook for university seminars, a reference on
tree balance, and as a source of inspiration for future research.
It is accompanied by the free R package 'treebalance', a powerful
tool to further explore and apply the discussed concepts, and a
website allowing quick access to the main information and the
latest developments in the field.
This volume undertakes a detailed analysis of the latest generation
of learners' dictionaries of English. It assembles the papers
delivered at the eponymous symposium held at the University of
Erlangen-Nurnberg in April 1997. There are a number of reasons why
these dictionaries are of special lexicographic interest: 1. the
type of learners' dictionary associated notably with the name of
Hornby can look back on a long tradition in British lexicography;
2. competition between various publishers since the late 70s has
given crucial impetus to the development of these dictionaries; 3.
these new dictionaries are decisively marked by the evaluation of
large-scale computer corpora. Central to the volume is the in-depth
comparison of four dictionaries published in 1995: OALD5, LDOCE3,
COBUILD2, CIDE. The aim is to exemplify specific differences of
approach in the four dictionaries from a wide range of viewpoints
(definitions, information on valency and collocations, policy on
usage examples, political correctness, etc.). A number of articles
also enlarge on the history of learners' dictionaries of English,
the significance of corpus linguistics for lexicography, and
perspectives for the future, notably in connection with the
electronic media.
This book shows how the practice of script writing can be used both
as a pedagogical approach and as a research tool in mathematics
education. It provides an opportunity for script-writers to
articulate their mathematical arguments and/or their pedagogical
approaches. It further provides researchers with a corpus of
narratives that can be analyzed using a variety of theoretical
perspectives.Various chapters argue for the use of dialogical
method and highlight its benefits and special features. The
chapters examine both "low tech" implementations as well as the use
of a technological platform, LessonSketch. The chapters present
results of and insights from several recent studies, which utilized
scripting in mathematics education research and practice.
Anarchist, freedom fighter, fundamentalist, terrorist. These words
are thrown about today with seeming abandon. But each of these
terms, and hundreds like them, have connotations and denotations
charged with meanings which can be used strategically by
politicians, journalists, and ordinary citizens. ^ITalking
Terrorism^R defines, traces, and explains the loaded,
controversial, confusing, and shifting language that surrounds
terrorist activity. The dictionary comprises words used to
characterize individuals, groups, or countries that commit or
support acts of political violence. Also covered is the closely
related language that conveys the justifications and agendas of
those responding to violence, including these groups'
self-characterizations, which might entail the masking of a
multitude of sins. In addition, the ways terrorists use language to
smear enemies, recruit and inspire group members, and communicate
the righteousness of their causes are examined. Following an A-to-Z
format, ^ITalking Terrorism^R identifies and defines terms in
dictionary style, then explores the charged meanings of the words,
and often supplies examples of the words' usage. Cross-references
will lead readers to related words and show the complicated web of
words used in this verbal warfare. In the words and verbal
maneuvers discussed in the dictionary, readers will see how enemies
are manufactured through demonization, biased media coverage and
government spin in action, and brutality legitimized as virtue,
along with the besmirching of its victims. Much of what readers
will find may not seem encouraging, yet ^ITalking Terrorism^R will
open the eyes and ears of anyone who wants to come to grips with
today's tumultuous political world.
This volume presents the results of the international symposium
Chunks in Corpus Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics, held at the
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg to honour John Sinclair's
contribution to the development of linguistics in the second half
of the twentieth century. The main theme of the book, highlighting
important aspects of Sinclair's work, is the idiomatic character of
language with a focus on chunks (in the sense of prefabricated
items) as extended units of meaning. To pay tribute to Sinclair's
enormous impact on research in this field, the volume contains two
contributions which deal explicitly with his work, including
material from unpublished manuscripts. Beyond that, the articles
cover different aspects of chunks ranging from more
theoretically-oriented to more applied papers, in which foreign
language teaching and the computational application of the insights
about the nature of language provided by corpus research play an
important role. The volume demonstrates the wide applicability and
relevance of the notion of chunks by bringing together research
from different fields of linguistics such as theoretical
linguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics and
foreign language teaching, and thus provides an interdisciplinary
view on the impact of idiomaticity in language.
This book highlights the fact that leaders do indeed affect the
performance of organizations or the well-being of society for
better or worse-to cast either a shadow or light by the exercise of
their leadership. Modern psychology with its theories of human
behavior, which does not acknowledge the existence of the spiritual
realm, cannot explain the carnage and evil often associated with
the dark side of leadership. This book focuses on the dark side of
leadership in a multidimensional manner and provides a
psychospiritual approach toward understanding personality disorders
and leader derailment. It highlights an area that has not been
exclusively studied by leadership researchers to date-the influence
of spiritual forces in personality disorders, which lead to
leadership failure and derailment. This book calls for a more
interdisciplinary approach and holistic understanding of the dark
side of leadership, inseparably relating body, soul, and spirit as
they function individually and relationally. It highlights the fact
that the restoration of personality will require sustained dialogue
between theologians and the medical and psychological professions.
This book provides solid information and new insights for anyone
seeking to understand the dark side of leadership.
Biomedical Entanglements is an ethnographic study of the Giri
people of Papua New Guinea, focusing on the indigenous population's
interaction with modern medicine. In her fieldwork, Franziska A.
Herbst follows the Giri people as they circulate within and around
ethnographic sites that include a rural health center and an urban
hospital. The study bridges medical anthropology and global health,
exploring how the 'biomedical' is imbued with social meaning and
how biomedicine affects Giri ways of life.
This dictionary provides a valency description of English verbs,
nouns and adjectives. Each entry contains a comprehensive list of
the complementation patterns identified on the basis of the largest
corpus of English available at the present time. All examples are
taken directly from the COBUILD/Birmingham corpus. The valency
description comprises statements about the quantitative valency of
the lexical units established, an inventory of their obligatory,
contextually optional and purely optional complements as well as
systematic information on the semantic and collocational properties
of the complements. An outline of the model of valency theory used
in this dictionary is provided in the introduction. Key Features
unique reference work with no comparable publication on the market
English is the world's most important lingua franca and the most
frequently learned second language
In recent years, research on valency has led to important insights
into the nature of language. Some of these findings are published
in this volume for the first time with up-to-date accounts of
language description and new reflections on language, above all for
English and German. The volume also presents examples of
contrastive analysis, which are of use for all those who deal
professionally with these two languages. Furthermore, the articles
in the psycholinguistic and computational linguistics section
demonstrate the applicability and value of valency theory for these
approaches and shed light on a fruitful cooperation between
theoretical and descriptive linguistics and applied disciplines.
The papers cover the following aspects of valency analysis: (i)
theoretical aspects of the valency approach in relation to related
theories of complementation (dependency syntax, FrameNet, case
roles), (ii) descriptive aspects of valency and complementation,
(iii) valency as a concept for the description of cognitive
processes in syntactic processing, (iv) contrastive aspects of
valency, above all for English and German, and (v) possible
computational applications of the valency concept in fields such as
automatic syntactic recognition or language processing. The volume
combines papers of representatives from different linguistic
schools on the topic of complementation. One of the aims is to show
how concepts developed for the analysis of one language, in the
case of valency often German, can be applied to other languages
such as English.
If you are a fundraiser or someone who needs to raise money for
your organisation or scheme, you cannot be without this book. Never
out of print since it was published in 1992, the book has more than
earned its place on your fundraising department's bookshelf. It is
the most complete reference guide to fundraising available, with
detailed information about the theory and practice of effective
fundraising. You'll find it easy to navigate, packed with case
studies, and you'll gain from the insights, knowledge and advice
shared by some of the giants of the fundraising world. Ideal for
all fundraisers, whether beginners or more senior professionals.
This open access book analyzes the transition toward a low-carbon
energy system in Europe under the aspects of flexibility and
technological progress. By covering the main energy sectors -
including the industry, residential, tertiary and transport sector
as well as the heating and electricity sector - the analysis
assesses flexibility requirements in a cross-sectoral energy system
with high shares of renewable energies. The contributing authors -
all European energy experts - apply models and tools from various
research fields, including techno-economic learning, fundamental
energy system modeling, and environmental and social life cycle as
well as health impact assessment, to develop an innovative and
comprehensive energy models system (EMS). Moreover, the
contributions examine renewable penetrations and their
contributions to climate change mitigation, and the impacts of
available technologies on the energy system. Given its scope, the
book appeals to researchers studying energy systems and markets,
professionals and policymakers of the energy industry and readers
interested in the transformation to a low-carbon energy system in
Europe.
In 1942, the dictatorial regime of occupied France held a show
trial that didn't work. In a society from which democratic checks
and balances had been eliminated, under a regime that made its own
laws to try its opponents, the government's signature legal
initiative - a court packed with sympathetic magistrates and
soldiers whose investigation of the defunct republic's leaders was
supposed to demonstrate the superiority of the new regime - somehow
not only failed to result in a conviction, but, in spite of the
fact that only government-selected journalists were allowed to
attend, turned into a podium for the regime's most bitter
opponents. The public relations disaster was so great that the
government was ultimately forced to cancel the trial. This
catastrophic would-be show trial was not forced upon the regime by
Germans unfamiliar with the state of domestic opinion; rather, it
was a home-grown initiative whose results disgusted not only the
French, but also the occupiers. This book offers a new explanation
for the failure of the Riom Trial: that it was the result of ideas
about the law that were deeply imbedded in the culture of the
regime's supporters. They genuinely believed that their opponents
had been playing politics with the nation's interests, whereas
their own concerns were apolitical. The ultimate lesson of the Riom
Trial is that the abnegation of politics can produce results almost
as bad as a deliberate commitment to stamping out the beliefs of
others. Today, politicians on both sides of the political spectrum
denounce excessive polarization as the cause of political gridlock;
but this may simply be what real democracy looks like when it seeks
to express the wishes of a divided people.
Inland saline waters are threatened worldwide by diversion and
pollution of their inflows, introductions of exotic species and
economic development of these ecologically valuable habitats. Since
1979 a series of international symposia on inland saline waters has
served to strengthen and expand the scope of limnological research
on inland saline waters. The seventh conference continued this
tradition and the papers derived from the conference focused on the
ecology of microbial communities, the influence of habitat
geochemistry on biogeography of flora and fauna, physical and
geochemical processes, and the conservation of inland saline
waters. Of particular note are papers on Walker Lake, Nevada (USA),
and the Salton Sea and Mono Lake, California (USA). Continued
local, national and international efforts are required to inform
the public and decision-makers about the environmental problems
faced by saline waters. The papers in this volume will serve this
end and should be of interest to aquatic ecologists, limnologists,
aquaculturalists, and water resource managers.
The title narrates the story of how the school, founded by women
pioneers of public education in a Rocky Mountain mining settlement,
became the centre and sustaining force of the town's community life
from its beginning in the 1870s to the present day.
Top Investigators Explore the Complexities of Angiogenesis Cancer
Research The targeting of tumor angiogenesis has evolved into one
of the most widely pursued therapeutic strategies. However, as of
yet, no antiangiogenic agent used as a monotherapy has demonstrated
a survival benefit in a randomized Phase III trial. The combination
of bevacizumab, the first FDA approved angiogenesis inhibitor, with
cytotoxic regimens has led to survival benefits in cancer patients.
This has raised important questions about the complexities inherent
in the clinical application of angiogenesis inhibitors. Compiles
the results of four decades of progress Integrating fundamental
concepts with therapeutic strategies, Anti-Angiogenic Cancer
Therapy promotes the idea that an understanding of the molecular
and cellular regulation of angiogenesis leads to optimal
therapeutic strategies and positive clinical results. It brings
together contributions from leading researchers to provide the most
authoritative and encyclopedic volume available on this subject.
Examines the role of angiogenesis in cancer, including strategies
to prolong the nonangiogenic dormant state of human tumors,
molecular mechanisms and cellular regulation of angiogenesis in
solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and the regulation of
angiogenesis by the tumor microenvironment. Covers specific
molecular targets for inhibiting angiogenesis in cancer therapy.
Discusses clinical trial design and translational research
approaches essential for identifying and developing effective
angiogenesis inhibitors. Outlines current understanding of the
molecular biology of each cancer type followed by discussions that
examine strategies for targeting angiogenesis in specific cancers.
This volume celebrates progress made in four decades, and more
importantly, it provi
In an age of unprecedented world-wide prosperity, forty per cent of
Africa's 600 million people exist on less than US $1 per day, and a
third of its 53 states are affected by conflict.
The African Union (AU) is intended, in part, to mark a new
beginning where Africans are more focused on the current issues
they confront. In particular, the New Partnership for Africa's
Development (NEPAD) has been hailed by African leaders as an
important new initiative in development that asks the Africans
themselves to assume responsibility for fostering democracy, good
governance, and conflict resolution.
Now is therefore an appropriate time to examine the prospects for
African development and conflict resolution. Does NEPAD represent
an approach that could at least provide some hope to ending
Africa's poor economic performance and does it and the AU represent
a new approach towards conflict resolution? Will NEPAD have a
marked impact on the quality of political, economic and corporate
governance in Africa? Or are NEPAD and the AU just two more grand
proposals destined to die rather quickly?
This book provides a brief review of African development and
security over the past three decades. It assesses the progress made
by South Africa since 1994 and describes current Western approaches
to Africa with a focus on how much opportunity these stances
provide for countries south of the Sahara to develop comprehensive
new ideas to address their problems. The book reviews NEPAD and the
AU to gauge the potential of these initiatives to take advantage of
Western policies and to address Africa's structural problems. It
suggests what must be done for African countries to reverse their
growth and security trajectories by asking if any African country
will establish the prerequisites for sustained high-level growth.
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