For most of this century, the habit of thinking about politics and economics in terms of grand and simple alternatives has exerted a powerful influence over the minds of those concerned with economic organization. Politics, Economics, and Welfare is a systematic attack on the idea of all-embracing ideological solutions to complex economic problems.

The value of human life is a significant moral value for most people. Yet, past research has devoted little attention to the development of moral reasoning about the value of life. The present studies investigated how adolescents and adults reason about the value of life in the context of so-called trolley car situations. These situations, adopted from philosophy, involve the option of sacrificing the life of one person to save five others. Based on past developmental research, we expected that individuals would reason about distinct and sometimes conflicting considerations regarding the value of life. This approach contrasted with past research on adults' responses to trolley car situations, which has been taken to show that most moral evaluations are based not on reasoning but on affective, automatic reactions. In Study 1, 288 adolescents and adults were interviewed about trolley car situations designed to examine considerations like the value of human life and the relationship of those at risk with the actors. In Study 2, 144 college studens were interviewed to further examine the roles of those involved. Participants' justifications referred not only to the number of lives saved, but also to other considerations, such as intrinsic rights and personal responsibility for events. Moreover, responses indicated frequent conflicts about standard trolley car situations, counter to the argument that people's evaluations are automatic based soley on a counting of lives saved. The present findings indicated that adolescents and adults reason about, seek to coordinate, distinct moral considerations regarding the value of life.

For most of this century, the habit of thinking about politics and economics in terms of grand and simple alternatives has exerted a powerful influence over the minds of those concerned with economic organization. Politics, Economics, and Welfare is a systematic attack on the idea of all-embracing ideological solutions to complex economic problems.

Written by the preeminent democratic theorist of our time, this book explains the nature, value, and mechanics of democracy. In a new introduction to this Veritas edition, Ian Shapiro considers how Dahl would respond to the ongoing challenges democracy faces in the modern world. "Within the liberal democratic camp there is considerable controversy about exactly how to define democracy. Probably the most influential voice among contemporary political scientists in this debate has been that of Robert Dahl."-Marc Plattner, New York Times "An excellent introduction for novices, as well as a trusty handbook for experts and political science mavens."-Publishers Weekly

In this compilation, the role of liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and chemometrics for the analysis and characterization of plant natural products is addressed. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activity of cetrarioid lichens and their major secondary metabolites as antioxidants to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related diseases. Following this, the way in which the detection of various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds in some plants can reduce sickle cells in vitro is studied. In addition, the efficiency of green and conventional solvent systems concerning the three classes of phytochemicals (phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids) is described. Lastly, a brief history of antibiotics and the spread of resistance is provided, and future strategies to combat drug-resistant microbes are discussed.

Jedem Ingenieur, der auf dem Gebiete der Antriebstedmik arbeitet, sind aus seiner Berufsarbeit die Masdllnenelemente gelaufig. Leider sind ihm aber in vielen Fallen gewisse, damit im Zusammenhang stehende widttige wirtsdtaft- lidte Tatbestande nicht bekannt. Sie kommen in den folgenden Zahlen zum Ausdruck: Unter den Erzeugnisgruppen des gesamten Masdtinenbaues nehmen die An- triebselemente - zu ihnen gehoeren Gleit- und Walzlager, Kupplungen, Zahn- rader und andere Transmissionsteile - sowie die Zahnradgetriebe und die stufenlos regelbaren Getriebe einen beachtlidten Platz ein. Umsatzmassig reprasentierten sie im Jahre 1952 einen Wert von etwa 700 Millionen DM und standen damit in der fadtlidten Unterteilung an vierter Stelle. Der Anteil der direkten Ausfuhr in diesen Erzeugnissen betrug etwa 10 Prozent der vor- genannten Summe. In der Gruppe Stahlgelenkketten wurde im Jahre 1952 ein Gesamtumsatzwert von rund 33 Millionen DM bei einem Ausfuhranteil von 25 bis 30 Prozent erstellt. - Im gleidten Zeitabsdtnitt beliefen sich die Gesamtumsatze der Her- steller von Lederriemen auf etwa 20 Millionen DM. Hier betrugen die Export- erloese etwa 10 Prozent dieser Summe. - Die Kautsdtukindustrie beziffert ihre Gesamtumsatze in Gummikeilriemen auf etwa 19 Millionen DM fur das Jahr 1952, dabei lag der Wert der direkten Ausfuhr bei etwa 15 Prozent. - In Textil- und Kunststoffflachriemen wurden sdtatzungsweise noch groessere Um- satze erzielt.

"A tightly woven explanation of the conditions under which cultures that do not tolerate political opposition may be transformed into societies that do."-Foreign Affairs "[Dahl's] analysis is lucid, perceptive, and thorough."-Times Literary Supplement Amidst all the emotional uproar about democracy and the widespread talk of revolution comes this clear call to reason-a mind-stretching book that equips the young and the old suddenly to see an ageless problem of society in a new and exciting way. Everything Dahl says can be applied in a fascinating way to the governing of any human enterprise involving more than one person-whether it is a nation-state, a political party, a business firm, or a university.

Additional Authors Richard C. Snyder, Alfred De Grazia, Malcolm Moos, Paul T. David, David B. Truman. Foreword By Robert D. Calkins.

On All Saints Day, 1954, the Algerian War of Independence from France begins, forever changing the lives of ten-year-old Nanna, her family, and a million-and-a-half French settlers. As Arab rebels carry out terrorist acts against civilians, hatred and bloodshed permeate the fabric of European and Muslim lives. A safe bus ride to town means keeping an eye out for stray shopping baskets containing hidden bombs. A day trip to the beach requires the protection of a military convoy. But life goes on, and Nanna's loving mother, mischievous but good-natured siblings, and kind grandfathers provide plenty of adventure and humor. Nanna worships her Papa, who provides for his family and keeps them safe, but, growing up, she begins to understand that he is also a braggart with unyielding views of right and wrong, who believes that attending a supervised party with boys will compromise a girl's virtue. Nanna defies him and falls in love, thus setting the stage for an ongoing clash of wills. As Nanna watches her beloved country torn apart by terrorism, she grieves for the French targeted by the fellagha and for the Arabs they slaughter because they are seen as pro-French. Ultimately, Nanna watches in anguish as the French generals, betrayed by De Gaulle, make a last stand for a French Algeria before laying down their arms. In the end Nanna's family, like all the other French settlers, must choose between the suitcase and the grave.

Foundations Of Modern Political Science Series.

Foundations Of Modern Political Science Series.

Edited By William V. D'Antonio And Howard J. Ehrlich. Foreword By John Useem.

Additional Authors Richard C. Snyder, Alfred De Grazia, Malcolm Moos, Paul T. David, David B. Truman. Foreword By Robert D. Calkins.

Foundations Of Modern Political Science Series.

The Democracy Sourcebook offers a collection of classic writings and contemporary scholarship on democracy, creating a book that can be used by undergraduate and graduate students in a wide variety of courses, including American politics, international relations, comparative politics, and political philosophy. The editors have chosen substantial excerpts from the essential theorists of the past, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, Alexis de Tocqueville, and the authors of The Federalist Papers; they place them side by side with the work of such influential modern scholars as Joseph Schumpeter, Adam Przeworski, Seymour Martin Lipset, Samuel P. Huntington, Ronald Dworkin, and Amartya Sen.The book is divided into nine self-contained chapters: "Defining Democracy," which discusses procedural, deliberative, and substantive democracy; "Sources of Democracy," on why democracy exists in some countries and not in others; "Democracy, Culture, and Society," about cultural and sociological preconditions for democracy; "Democracy and Constitutionalism," which focuses on the importance of independent courts and a bill of rights; "Presidentialism versus Parliamentarianism"; "Representation," discussing which is the fairest system of democratic accountability; "Interest Groups"; "Democracy's Effects," an examination of the effect of democracy on economic growth and social inequality; and finally, "Democracy and the Global Order" discusses the effects of democracy on international relations, including the propensity for war and the erosion of national sovereignty by transnational forces.

A Washington Post Book World Best Seller "Robert A. Dahl . . . is about as covered in honors as a scholar can be. . . . He knows what he is talking about. And he thinks that the Constitution has something the matter with it."-Hendrik Hertzberg, New Yorker "A devastating attack on the undemocratic character of the American Constitution."-Gordon S. Wood, New York Review of Books In this provocative book, one of our most eminent political scientists poses the question, "Why should Americans uphold their constitution?" The vast majority of Americans venerate the Constitution and the democratic principles it embodies, but many also worry that the United States has fallen behind other nations on crucial issues, including economic equality, racial integration, and women's rights. Robert Dahl explores this vital tension between the Americans' belief in the legitimacy of their constitution and their belief in the principles of democracy. Dahl starts with the assumption that the legitimacy of the American Constitution derives solely fromits utility as an instrument of democratic governance. Dahl demonstrates that, due to the context in which it was conceived, our constitution came to incorporate significant antidemocratic elements. Because the Framers of the Constitution had no relevant example of a democratic political system on which to model the American government, many defining aspects of our political system were implemented as a result of short-sightedness or last-minute compromise. Dahl highlights those elements of the American system that are most unusual and potentially antidemocratic: the federal system, the bicameral legislature, judicial review, presidentialism, and the electoral college system. The political system that emerged from the world's first great democratic experiment is unique-no other well-established democracy has copied it. How does the American constitutional system function in comparison to other democratic systems? How could our political system be altered to achieve more democratic ends? To what extent did the Framers of the Constitution build features into our political system that militate against significant democratic reform? Refusing to accept the status of the American Constitution as a sacred text, Dahl challenges us all to think critically about the origins of our political system and to consider the opportunities for creating a more democratic society.

Robert Dahl's "Preface "helped launch democratic theory fifty years ago as a new area of study in political science, and it remains the standard introduction to the field. Exploring problems that had been left unsolved by traditional thought on democracy, Dahl here examines two influential models--the Madisonian, which represents prevailing American doctrine, and its recurring challenger, populist theory--arguing that they do not accurately portray how modern democracies operate. He then constructs a model more consistent with how contemporary democracies actually function, and, in doing so, develops some original views of popular sovereignty and the American constitutional system.
For this fiftieth-anniversary edition, Dahl has written an extensive new afterword that reevaluates Madisonian theory in light of recent research. And in a new foreword, he reflects back on his influential volume and the ways his views have evolved since he wrote it. For any student or scholar of political science, this new material is an essential update on a gold standard in the evolving field of democratic theory.
""A Preface to Democratic Theory" is well worth the devoted attention of anyone who cares about democracy."--"Political Science Quarterly
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