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Moral Reasoning About Human Welfare in Adolescents and Adults - Judging Conflicts Involving Sacrificing and Saving Lives (Paperback, Volume 83)
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Moral Reasoning About Human Welfare in Adolescents and Adults - Judging Conflicts Involving Sacrificing and Saving Lives (Paperback, Volume 83)
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The value of human life is a significant moral value for most
people. Yet, past research has devoted little attention to the
development of moral reasoning about the value of life. The present
studies investigated how adolescents and adults reason about the
value of life in the context of so-called trolley car situations.
These situations, adopted from philosophy, involve the option of
sacrificing the life of one person to save five others. Based on
past developmental research, we expected that individuals would
reason about distinct and sometimes conflicting considerations
regarding the value of life. This approach contrasted with past
research on adults' responses to trolley car situations, which has
been taken to show that most moral evaluations are based not on
reasoning but on affective, automatic reactions. In Study 1, 288
adolescents and adults were interviewed about trolley car
situations designed to examine considerations like the value of
human life and the relationship of those at risk with the actors.
In Study 2, 144 college studens were interviewed to further examine
the roles of those involved. Participants' justifications referred
not only to the number of lives saved, but also to other
considerations, such as intrinsic rights and personal
responsibility for events. Moreover, responses indicated frequent
conflicts about standard trolley car situations, counter to the
argument that people's evaluations are automatic based soley on a
counting of lives saved. The present findings indicated that
adolescents and adults reason about, seek to coordinate, distinct
moral considerations regarding the value of life.
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