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Cells can be funny. Try to grow them with a slightly wrong recipe,
and they turn over and die. But hit them with an electric field
strong enough to knock over a horse, and they do enough things to
justify international meetings, to fill a sizable book, and to lead
one to speak of an entirely new technology for cell manipulation.
The very improbability of these events not only raises questions
about why things happen but also leads to a long list of practical
systems in which the application of strong electric fields might
enable the merger of cell contents or the introduction of alien but
vital material. Inevitably, the basic questions and the practical
applications will not keep in step. The questions are intrinsically
tough. It is hard enough to analyze the action of the relatively
weak fields that rotate or align cells, but it is nearly impossible
to predict responses to the cell-shredding bursts of electricity
that cause them to fuse or to open up to very large molecular
assemblies. Even so, theoretical studies and systematic examination
of model systems have produced some creditable results, ideas which
should ultimately provide hints of what to try next.
Over the last decade the volume Membrane Fusion. edited by Poste
and Nicholson, has probably served as one of the major sources of
review in formation on fusion in membrane systems. Since its
publication much new information has been collected. New methods of
inducing fusion have been invented or discovered, and new
applications for fusion have been found. The need for an up-to-date
monograph that covers and in tegrates these subjects, reviews
established material, and rationalizes and integrates the old and
the new is thus obvious. This book is the product of efforts to
meet this need. Most of the current work in the field of membrane
fusion takes place within the context of intact or modified cells.
Hence this book emphasizes the plasma membrane. Each chapter is
either a review, a report, or a short historical overview,
depending, respectively, on whether the subject is large in scope
and has a long history, or the subject is in such an early stage of
development that most of what is known is still in the hands of a
relatively small number of investigators and is best covered in
report form."
Cells can be funny. Try to grow them with a slightly wrong recipe,
and they turn over and die. But hit them with an electric field
strong enough to knock over a horse, and they do enough things to
justify international meetings, to fill a sizable book, and to lead
one to speak of an entirely new technology for cell manipulation.
The very improbability of these events not only raises questions
about why things happen but also leads to a long list of practical
systems in which the application of strong electric fields might
enable the merger of cell contents or the introduction of alien but
vital material. Inevitably, the basic questions and the practical
applications will not keep in step. The questions are intrinsically
tough. It is hard enough to analyze the action of the relatively
weak fields that rotate or align cells, but it is nearly impossible
to predict responses to the cell-shredding bursts of electricity
that cause them to fuse or to open up to very large molecular
assemblies. Even so, theoretical studies and systematic examination
of model systems have produced some creditable results, ideas which
should ultimately provide hints of what to try next.
Over the last decade the volume Membrane Fusion. edited by Poste
and Nicholson, has probably served as one of the major sources of
review in formation on fusion in membrane systems. Since its
publication much new information has been collected. New methods of
inducing fusion have been invented or discovered, and new
applications for fusion have been found. The need for an up-to-date
monograph that covers and in tegrates these subjects, reviews
established material, and rationalizes and integrates the old and
the new is thus obvious. This book is the product of efforts to
meet this need. Most of the current work in the field of membrane
fusion takes place within the context of intact or modified cells.
Hence this book emphasizes the plasma membrane. Each chapter is
either a review, a report, or a short historical overview,
depending, respectively, on whether the subject is large in scope
and has a long history, or the subject is in such an early stage of
development that most of what is known is still in the hands of a
relatively small number of investigators and is best covered in
report form."
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