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First published in 1952, British Empirical Philosophers is a
comprehensive picture of one of the most important movements in the
history of philosophic thought. In his introduction, Professor A.
J. Ayer distinguishes the main problems of empiricism and gives a
critical account of the ways in which the philosophers whose
writings are included in this volume attempted to solve them.
Editors Ayer and Raymond Winch bring together an authoritative
abridgement of John Locke s Essay Concerning Human Understanding;
Bishop George Berkeley s Principles of Human Knowledge; almost the
entire first book of David Hume s Treatise Concerning Human Nature;
and extracts from Thomas Reid s Essay on the Intellectual Powers of
Man and John Stuart Mill s Examination of Sir William Hamilton s
Philosophy.
First published in 1952, British Empirical Philosophers is a
comprehensive picture of one of the most important movements in the
history of philosophic thought. In his introduction, Professor A.
J. Ayer distinguishes the main problems of empiricism and gives a
critical account of the ways in which the philosophers whose
writings are included in this volume attempted to solve them.
Editors Ayer and Raymond Winch bring together an authoritative
abridgement of John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding;
Bishop George Berkeley's Principles of Human Knowledge; almost the
entire first book of David Hume's Treatise Concerning Human Nature;
and extracts from Thomas Reid's Essay on the Intellectual Powers of
Man and John Stuart Mill's Examination of Sir William Hamilton's
Philosophy.
The dictionary shows philosophers at their best (and their worst),
at their most perverse and their most elegant. Organised by
philosopher, and indexed by thought, concept and phrase, it enables
readers to discover who said what, and what was said by whom. Over
300 philosophers are represented, from Aristotle to Zeno, including
Einstein, Aquinas, Sartre and De Beauvoir, and the quotations range
from short cryptic phrases to longer statements.
This " Dictionary of Philosophical Quotations will not change your
life. It will change your mind.
Classic introduction to objectives and methods of schools of empiricism and linguistic analysis, especially of the logical positivism derived from the Vienna Circle. Topics: elimination of metaphysics, function of philosophy, nature of philosophical analysis, the a priori, truth and probability, critique of ethics and theology, self and the common world, more. "A delightful book...I should like to have written it myself."-Bertrand Russell.
A. J. Ayer was one of the foremost analytical philosophers of
the twentieth century, and was known as a brilliant and engaging
speaker. In essays based on his influential Dewey Lectures, Ayer
addresses some of the most critical and controversial questions in
epistemology and the philosophy of science, examining the nature of
inductive reasoning and grappling with the issues that most
concerned him as a philosopher. This edition contains revised and
expanded versions of the lectures and two additional essays.
Ayer begins by considering Hume's formulation of the problem of
induction and then explores the inferences on which we base our
beliefs in factual matters. In other essays, he defines the three
kinds of probability that inform inductive reasoning and examines
the various criteria for verifiability and falsifiability. In his
extensive introduction, Graham Macdonald discusses the arguments in
"Probability and Evidence," how they relate to Ayer's other works,
and their influence in contemporary philosophy. He also provides a
brief biographical sketch of Ayer, and includes a bibliography of
works about and in response to "Probability and Evidence."
A. J. Ayer was one of the foremost analytical philosophers of
the twentieth century, and was known as a brilliant and engaging
speaker. In essays based on his influential Dewey Lectures, Ayer
addresses some of the most critical and controversial questions in
epistemology and the philosophy of science, examining the nature of
inductive reasoning and grappling with the issues that most
concerned him as a philosopher. This edition contains revised and
expanded versions of the lectures and two additional essays.
Ayer begins by considering Hume's formulation of the problem of
induction and then explores the inferences on which we base our
beliefs in factual matters. In other essays, he defines the three
kinds of probability that inform inductive reasoning and examines
the various criteria for verifiability and falsifiability. In his
extensive introduction, Graham Macdonald discusses the arguments in
"Probability and Evidence," how they relate to Ayer's other works,
and their influence in contemporary philosophy. He also provides a
brief biographical sketch of Ayer, and includes a bibliography of
works about and in response to "Probability and Evidence."
Irreverent and electrifying, when A. J. Ayer’s epoch-making work was published in 1936 it shook the foundations of British philosophy, and made its author notorious. He argues that if you cannot prove a statement by scientific methods, or by experience, it is literally meaningless. In this sense, everything else – morals, aesthetics, religion, philosphy itself – becomes nonsensical. For example, to say that murder is wrong is a meaningless statement – you are simply saying that you do not like it. Ayer’s shocking argument, known as Logical Positivism, was a direct challenge to orthodox morality. Yet it became a classic text, revitalizing British philosophy and setting it on an entirely new course.
Pragmatism is the most famous single work of American philosophy.
Its sequel, The Meaning of Truth, is its imperative and inevitable
companion. The definitive texts of both works are here available
for the first time in one volume, with an introduction by the
distinguished contemporary philosopher A. J. Ayer. In Pragmatism
James attacked the transcendental, rationalist tradition in
philosophy and tried to clear the ground for the doctrine he called
radical empiricism. When first published, the book caused an
uproar. It was greeted with praise, hostility, ridicule. Determined
to clarify his views, James collected nine essays he had written on
this subject before he wrote Pragmatism and six written later in
response to criticisms by Bertrand Russell and others. He published
The Meaning of Truth in 1909, the year before his death. These two
works show James at his best full of verve and good humor. Intent
upon making difficult ideas clear, he is characteristically
vigorous in his effort to make them prevail.
With extraordinary concision and clarity, A. J. Ayer gives an
account of the major incidents of Bertrand Russell's life and an
exposition of the whole range of his philosophy. "Ayer considers
Russell to be, except possibly for Wittgenstein, the most
influential philosopher of our time. In this book he] gives a lucid
account of Russell's philosophical achievements."--James Rachels,
"New York Times Book Review"
"I am sure this] is the best introduction of any length to Russell,
and I suspect that it might serve as one of the best introductions
to modern philosophy. . . . Ayer begins with a brief, austere, and
balanced account of Russell's life: as in Russell's autobiography
this means his thought, books, women, and politics. Tacitus (and
Russell) would have found the account exemplary. Ayer ends with a
sympathetic and surprisingly detailed survey of Russell's social
philosophy. But the bulk of this book consists of a chapter on
Russell's work in logic and the foundations of mathematics,
followed by a chapter on his epistemological views and one on
metaphysics. . . . I find it impossible to imagine that this book
will not remain indefinitely the very best book of its
sort."--"Review of Metaphysics"
"The confrontation or conjunction of Ayer and Russell is a notable
event and has produced a remarkable book--brilliantly argued and
written."--Martin Lebowitz, "The Nation"
This is a representative collection of the work of A.J. Ayer, one
of the most influential contemporary philosophers. It includes his
Whidden lectures on freedom and morality, which were presented at
McMaster University in 1983, a previously unpublished essay on J.L.
Mackie's Theory of Causal Priority, and seven other essays which
cover such topics as: references and identity, the causal theory of
perception, the prisoner's paradox, self-evidence and certainty,
and the history of the Vienna Circle.
Featuring a detailed introduction from Professor A.J. Ayer, the
concepts and main ideas of logical positivism and its revolutionary
theories and explained and discussed in this bibliography featuring
several classic papers in English for the first time. Edited by a
A.J. Ayer, Logical Positivism offers-in the words of the movement's
founders-revolutionary theories on meaning and metaphysics, the
nature of logic and mathematics, the foundations of knowledge, the
content of psychological propositions, ethics, sociology, and the
nature of philosophy itself. In the pages of this book, readers
will find classic papers by Schlick, Carnap, Neurath, and Hanh
published for the first time in English. In the most complete
bibliography on the subject, Logical Positivism explains the
movement's main ideas and their impact on contemporary philosophy
in Britain and the United States.
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