A. J. Ayer was one of the foremost analytical philosophers of
the twentieth century, and was known as a brilliant and engaging
speaker. In essays based on his influential Dewey Lectures, Ayer
addresses some of the most critical and controversial questions in
epistemology and the philosophy of science, examining the nature of
inductive reasoning and grappling with the issues that most
concerned him as a philosopher. This edition contains revised and
expanded versions of the lectures and two additional essays.
Ayer begins by considering Hume's formulation of the problem of
induction and then explores the inferences on which we base our
beliefs in factual matters. In other essays, he defines the three
kinds of probability that inform inductive reasoning and examines
the various criteria for verifiability and falsifiability. In his
extensive introduction, Graham Macdonald discusses the arguments in
"Probability and Evidence," how they relate to Ayer's other works,
and their influence in contemporary philosophy. He also provides a
brief biographical sketch of Ayer, and includes a bibliography of
works about and in response to "Probability and Evidence."
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