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1. Explains the clear role of geospatial data in managing
pandemics. 2. Discusses Covid-19 and its relevance to location
intelligence. 3. Includes a big population trajectory tracking and
reasoning. 4. Analyses population behavior modeling and simulation,
using location-based service. 5. Integrates community prevention,
surveillance, and risk assessment.
Rapid urbanization has created an unprecedented pressure on the use
of land in cities around the world, resulting in physical and legal
complexities. This book explains the theoretical basis and
practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with
the 3D digital data environment of Building Information Modelling
(BIM). The main focus is to adopt a BIM-based paradigm for
enhancing communication and management of complex ownership rights
in multi-story buildings, which are prevalent in urban built
environments. This book first elaborates on a range of data
elements required for managing legal information in current land
administration practices pertaining to subdivision of legal
interests within multi-story building developments. It then
explains how an open data model in the BIM domain - Industry
Foundation Classes (IFC) - can be extended with legal data elements
to lay the foundation for adopting BIM in urban land
administration. The book also highlights benefits and barriers of
implementing BIM-enabled urban land administration. Features
Explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban
land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment
of BIM. Highlights the existing challenges associated with current
practice of urban land administration for multi-story buildings.
Introduces the potential of 3D digital environment of BIM for the
purpose of mapping and registering legal interests. Describes how
BIM-based data models can be extended for recording, managing, and
representing legal ownership of properties over a building's
lifecycle. Includes models of multi-story buildings as case studies
to demonstrate the feasibility of extended BIM-based data models.
Expert perspectives on SDI theory and practice The spatial data
infrastructure (SDI) concept continues to evolve and become an
increasingly important element of the infrastructure that supports
economic development, environmental management, and social
stability. Because of its dynamic and complex nature, however, it
remains a fuzzy concept to many, and depending on their needs and
circumstances, practitioners, researchers, and governments adopt
different views of it. Developing Spatial Data Infrastructures:
from Concept to Reality makes a timely contribution to the theory
and practice of SDIs and breaks new ground in improving
understanding of their relevance and value. It provides expert
overviews of policies, concepts, standards, and practices
associated with the design, implementation, and operation of SDIs.
It introduces the concept of an SDI Hierarchy based on Hierarchical
Spatial Reasoning, sets out the similarities and differences
between SDIs operating within and between different jurisdictions,
and identifies factors key to the success of SDI initiatives. Built
on key contributions to the International Symposium on Spatial Data
Infrastructure held in Melbourne in November 2001, this book is the
first of its kind to provide address both the theoretical and
practical aspects of developing appropriate SDIs. It offers unique,
detailed discussions on the challenges and direction of future SDI
development and thus provides an outstanding resource for those
involved in building and maintaining SDIs and for GIS professionals
and students.
Contents: Foreword Acknowledgments Contents List of contributors List of Figures List of tables List of abbreviations List of Appendices Preface
CHAPTER 1 SDIs 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Building Spatial Data Infrastructures 1.2.1 Building Human Capacity through Partnerships and Networks 1.2.2 Support Resources for Developing the People Developing SDIs 1.3 Strengthening Institutional Capacity 1.3.1 The Need for Capacity Building to Facilitate SDI Development. 1.3.2 The Role of Research in SDI Development. 1.4 Sustainable Development as a research driver 1.4.1 The Triple Bottom Line 1.4.2 Technology 1.5 SDI development into the future 1.6 Conclusion 1.7 References
CHAPTER 2 Spatial Data Infrastructures:Concept, Nature And SDI Hierarchy 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Need for Spatial Data 2.2.1 Sharing Spatial Data 2.2.2 Spatial Data and Decision Support Systems 2.3 Spatial Data Infrastructure 2.3.1 SDI Nature and Characteristics (a) Partnerships (b) Different Views to Understanding and Development (c) The Importance of People (d) Dynamic Nature 2.3.2 Current SDI initiatives (Global, Regional, National, State, Local) 2.4 SDI Hierarchy 2.4.1 The Theory of Hierarchy (a) Definition of Hierarchy (b) Purpose and Levels of a Hierarchical Structure 2.4.2 Hierarchical Reasoning (a) Principles of HSR (b) Properties of Hierarchies 2.4.3 Different Views on SDI Hierarchy 2.5 Applying Hierarchy Theory on SDIs 2.5.1 Hierarchy Theory and An SDI Hierarchy 2.6 Relationships among Different SDIs 2.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Global Initiatives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 GSDI 3.2.1 History and Background 3.2.2 SDI Components and Organisational Model 3.2.3 SDI Current Status of Development 3.2.4 Issues and Challenges 3.2.5 Future Plans and Discussion 3.3 Global Map 3.3.1 Background 3.3.2 SDI Components and Organisational Model (a) Institutional Arrangements (b) Technical Standards (c) Fundamental Data 3.3.3 SDI Current Status of Development 3.3.4 Issues and Challenges 3.3.5 Future Plans and Discussion 3.4 Other Multi-National Initiatives 3.5 Evaluation of Global Initiatives 3.6 Recommendations and Future Directions 3.7 References
CHAPTER 4 Regional SDIs 4.1 Introduction 4.2 European Umbrella Organisation For Geographic Information (EUROGI) 4.2.1 History and background 4.2.2. Current Status 4.2.3. Issues and Challenges 4.3 Permanent Committee On GIS Infrastructure For Asia And The Pacific (PCGIAP) 4.3.1 History and Background 4.2.1 Current Status of Development (a) Institutional Framework (b) Technical Standards (c) Fundamental Datasets (d) Access network 4.3.3 Issues and Challenges 4.3.4 Future Plans and Discussions 4.4 Permanent Committee On Spatial Data Infrastructure For The Americas (PCIDEA) 4.4.2 Current Status 4.4.3 Issues and Challenges 4.5 Comparative Evaluation 4.6 References
CHAPTER 5 Regional SDI Diffusion 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Asia and the Pacific region and Regional SDI activities: a case study 5.2.1 Current Progress of PCGIAP and APSDI development 5.3 SDI Diffusion 5.4 Influencing Factors for Regional SDI Diffusion 5.4.1 Environmental Factors 5.4.2 Capacity Factors 5.4.3 SDI Organisation Factors 5.5 SDI Development Models 5.6 Recommendations 5.6.1 Organisational Restructure 5.6.2 Redesign Future Strategy Based on Asia-Pacific Social System 5.6.3 Modify APSDI Conceptual Model 5.6.4 Adopting SDI Process-Based Model 5.7 Conclusion and Recommendations 5.8 References
CHAPTER 6 National SDI Initiatives 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Overview on National SDI 6.3 Role and Relationships within SDI Hierarchy 6.4 Current Situation 6.4.1 First Generation of National SDI Initiatives a) Australia SDI b) USA National SDI 6.4.2 Second Generation of National SDI Initiatives a) National Geographic Information Infrastructure for Lebanon b) Iranian National Spatial Data Infrastructure 6.4.3 Comparative Analysis 6.5 Recommendations and Future Directions 6.6 References
CHAPTER 7 State SDI Initiatives 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Spatial Information 8.4.1 ANZLIC 8.4.2 Public Sector Mapping Agencies 8.4.3 Spatial Information Industry Action Agenda 8.4.4 Australian Spatial Information Business Association 8.4.5 Spatial Sciences Coalition 8.4.6 Spatial Information Cooperative Research Centre 8.5 ASDI Implementation 8.5.1 Fundamental Datasets 8.5.2 Australian Spatial Data Directory (ASDD) 8.5.3 ASDI Clearinghouse Definition 8.5.4 Pricing Policy 8.6 Current Issues And Future Directions 8.7 References
CHAPTER 9 State SDI Development: A Victorian Perspective 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Administration of Spatial Information 9.1.2 Development of State SDI 9.1.3 Spatial Information for Victoria: Early Beginnings 9.2 Victoria's Strategy for building SDI 9.2.1 Framework Information 9.2.2 Key Business Information 9.2.3 Custody 9.2.4 Metadata 9.2.5 Access Infrastructure 9.2.6 Pricing and Licensing 9.2.7 Spatial Accuracy 9.2.8 Awareness 9.3 Role and Responsibility for Developing Victorian SDI 9.4 Building Blocks Of Victoria's SDI 9.4.1 Land Exchange 9.4.2 Property Information Project (PIP) 9.4.3 Rural Addressing 9.4.4 Online Service Delivery 9.4.5 Land Channel 9.4.6 Land Channel Sales 9.5 Role within the Australian SDI Development 9.5.1 Growing the Private Sector 9.5.2 Participation in Standards Development 9.5.3 Jurisdictional Linkages 9.6 Conclusion 9.7 References
CHAPTER 10 SDI Development: Roles of Local and Corporate SDIs 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 The Concept of SDI 10.2 Local SDI Development at Geelong 10.2.1 History of Geelong SDI Development 10.2.2 Current Geelong SDI (components and organisation model) 10.2.3 Linkages of Greater Geelong SDI through corporate SDI 10.3 Corporate SDI in multi-level SDI development- the case of DNRE 10.3.1 Catchment and Water 10.3.2 Parks Flora and Fauna 10.3.3. Department wide effort 10.4 Some patterns of SDI development 10.4.1 Some good practices 10.4.2 Two scales of SDI development 10.5 Conclusions 10.6 References
CHAPTER 11 Sustainable Development, the Place for SDIs and the Case for E-Governance 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Effect on Government 11.2.1 Participatory Administration 11.2.2 Social Capital 11.3 The Role for SDIs 11.4 The Case for E-Governance 11.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 12 Spatial Data Infrastructures and Descision-Support 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Spatial Decision-Making 12.2.1 Decision Process 12.2.2 Decision Complexity 12.2.3 Participation in Decision-Making 12.2.4 Measuring Reach and Range for Decision Support 12.3 The Role of SDIs in Decision-Support 12.4 Institutional Frameworks to Support Decision-Making 12.4.1 People 12.4.2 Policies 12.4.3 Mechanisms 12.5 The Case for Decision-Enabled SDI 12.6 Conclusions 12.7 References
CHAPTER 13 Financing Spatial Data Infrastructure Development: Examining Alternative Funding Models 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The Economic issues of SDI implementation 13.3 The Concept of SDI Funding Models 13.3.1 Funding Models of the First Generation of SDIs 13.4 Alternative Funding Models 13.4.1 Infrastructure Classification (a) Natural Monopoly 13.4.2 Funding Models for SDIs Classified as Classic Infrastructures/Natural Monopolies 13.4.3 Funding Models for SDIs Classified as Network Infrastructures 13.5 Customizing the Alternative Funding Models for Emerging Nations 13.6 Conclusion 13.7 References
CHAPTER 14 Developing Evaluation and Performance Indicators for SDIs 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Land Administration Systems and the Role of SDIs 14.3 Evaluation And A Framework For Evaluation 14.4 Evaluation of SDIs 14.5 Conclusions 14.6 References
CHAPTER 15 Administrative Boundary Design in Support of SDI Objectives 15.1 Introduction 15.2 A Definition of the Spatial Hierarchy Problem 15.2.1 The First Solution: surface modelling 15.2.2 The Second Solution: data interpolation 15.2.3 The Third Solution: derived boundaries 15.2.4 The Fourth Solution: re-aggregation 15.3 Administrative Boundaries within SDI 15.3.1 Access 15.3.2 People 15.3.3 Data (a) Confidentiality (b) The modifiable-area-unit problem (MAUP) 15.3.4 Technical standards (a) Hierarchical spatial reasoning (HSR) applied to administrative boundaries (b) The structure of administrative boundaries 15.3.5 Policy 15.3.6 Summary 15.4 Conclusion 15.5 References
CHAPTER 16 SDI and Location Based Wireless Applications 16.1 Introduction 16.2 SDI as a foundation for location based services 16.3 Augmenting the SDI Model 16.3.1 Access Network 16.3.2 Policies 16.3.3 Standards 16.3.4 Data 16.3.5 People 16.4 Framework to Facilitate Wireless Applications 16.4.1 SDI Requirements 16.4.2 User Environment 16.5 Case Study 16.5.1 Use Case Scenarios 16.6 Discussion, Recommendations and Future Directions 16.7 References
CHAPTER 17 SDI and Positional Accuracy 17.1 Introduction 17.2 SDI And Positional Accuracy 17.3 Some Definitions 17.3.1 Reference Systems and Reference Frames 17.3.2 Dynamic Reference Frames 17.3.3 Height Datums 17.3.4 Coordinate Systems 17.3.5 Error 17.3.6 Positional Accuracy 17.3.7 Precision 17.4 Spatial Data Referencing 17.5 Transforming between different reference frames 17.6 Measuring and Recording Positional ACCURACY 17.7 Case Study 1: The GEOcentric datum of Australia 17.8 Case Study 2: PCGIAP 17.9 Conclusions And Recommendations 17.10 References
CHAPTER 18 Future Direction for SDI Development 18.1 Introduction 18.2 SDI Development Issues 18.3 SDI Development Models 18.3.1 The Product and Process-based Models 18.3.2 Assessment of Current SDI Initiatives 18.4 Relationships between SDI Hierarchy and different Models of SDI Development 18.5 Conclusion and Recommendations 18.6 References
The Open Access version of this book, available at
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429290626, has been made available
under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives
4.0 license. Large-scale migration from rural to urban areas, and
between countries, affects sustainable development at local,
national, and regional levels. To strengthen urban and rural
resilience to global challenges, Sustainable Development Goals
Connectivity Dilemma: Land and Geospatial Information for Urban and
Rural Resilience, brings together leading international geospatial
experts to analyze the role of land and geospatial data
infrastructures and services for achieving the United Nations'
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While the goals outlined in
the 2030 Agenda have been longstanding aspirations worldwide, the
complexity and connectivity between social, economic,
environmental, and governance challenges are changing with
large-scale urbanization and population growth. Structured in 5
parts, the themes and objectives of the book are in line with the
critical challenges, gaps, and opportunities raised at all UN-GGIM
events and UN-GGIM Academic Network forums. Through the different
perspectives of scholars, industry actors, and policy-makers, this
book provides interdisciplinary analysis and multisectoral
expertise on the interconnection between the SDGs, geospatial
information, and urban and rural resilience. Sustainable
Development Goals Connectivity Dilemma: Land and Geospatial
Information for Urban and Rural Resilience is an essential
reference for researchers, industry professionals, and postgraduate
students in fields such as geomatics, land administration, urban
planning, GIS, and sustainable development. It will also prove a
vital resource for environmental protection specialists, government
practitioners, UN-GGIM delegates, and geospatial and land
administration agencies. Features: Introduces a holistic and new
approach to sustainable development Brings together social,
economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability Highlights
the significance and the role of geospatial information in
sustainable development Examines urban and rural interdependencies
in the context of strengthening resilience Written by experts with
diverse academic and professional backgrounds who examine
connectivity and develop strategic pathways
Rapid urbanization has created an unprecedented pressure on the use
of land in cities around the world, resulting in physical and legal
complexities. This book explains the theoretical basis and
practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with
the 3D digital data environment of Building Information Modelling
(BIM). The main focus is to adopt a BIM-based paradigm for
enhancing communication and management of complex ownership rights
in multi-story buildings, which are prevalent in urban built
environments. This book first elaborates on a range of data
elements required for managing legal information in current land
administration practices pertaining to subdivision of legal
interests within multi-story building developments. It then
explains how an open data model in the BIM domain - Industry
Foundation Classes (IFC) - can be extended with legal data elements
to lay the foundation for adopting BIM in urban land
administration. The book also highlights benefits and barriers of
implementing BIM-enabled urban land administration. Features
Explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban
land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment
of BIM. Highlights the existing challenges associated with current
practice of urban land administration for multi-story buildings.
Introduces the potential of 3D digital environment of BIM for the
purpose of mapping and registering legal interests. Describes how
BIM-based data models can be extended for recording, managing, and
representing legal ownership of properties over a building's
lifecycle. Includes models of multi-story buildings as case studies
to demonstrate the feasibility of extended BIM-based data models.
This book offers a timely review of modern technologies for health,
with a special emphasis on wireless and wearable technologies, GIS
tools and machine learning methods for managing the impacts of
pandemics. It describes new strategies for forecasting evolution of
pandemics, optimizing contract tracing, and for detection and
diagnosis of diseases, among others. Written by researchers and
professionals with different backgrounds, this book offers a
extensive information and a source of inspiration for
physiologists, engineers, IT scientists and policy makers in the
health and technology sector.
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