This is an introduction to present sustainable development including its processes, challenges and prospects. We are living in an era of rapid technological change where innovation has increased exponentially. Accordingly, companies with cutting-edge research are facing lots of challenges in creating new products to enable a sustainable human existence and to ensure their acceptance by the society, especially when we hear of reports like tomorrow's market signalling that the current trends are leading to an unsustainable human society. The relevance and importance of the study is discussed in the communication, which also highlights the objectives of the study and the scope of the book.

Energy is an essential factor in development, since it stimulates, and supports economic growth, and development. Any form of energy can be transformed into another form, but the total energy always remains the same. Several different kinds of energy exist to explain all known natural phenomena. The word 'green' designates more than a colour. It is a way of life, one that is becoming more and more common throughout the world. An interesting topic on 'sustainable technologies for a greener world' details about what each technology is and how it achieves green goals. Over the years, all parts of a commercial refrigerator, such as the compressor, heat exchangers, refrigerant, and packaging, have been improved considerably due to the extensive research and development efforts carried out by academia and industry. However, the achieved and anticipated improvement in conventional refrigeration technology are incremental since this technology is already nearing its fundamentals limit of energy efficiency is described is 'magnetic refrigeration' which is an evolving cooling technology. Recently, conventional chillers using absorption technology consume energy for hot water generator but absorption chillers carry no energy saving. With the aim of providing a single point solution for this dual purpose application, a product is launched but can provide simultaneous chilling and heating using its vapour absorption technology with 40% saving in heating energy. Using energy efficiency and managing customer energy use has become an integral and valuable exercise. The reason for this is green technology helps to sustain life on earth. This not only applies to humans but to plants, animals and the rest of the ecosystem. Energy prices and consumption will always be on an upward trajectory. In fact, energy costs have steadily risen over last decade and are expected to carry on doing so as consumption grows.

Energy is an essential factor in development, since it stimulates, and supports economic growth, and development in Sudan. Any form of energy can be transformed into another form, but the total energy always remains the same. Sustainable energy is the provision of energy such that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable energy sources are most often regarded as including all renewable sources, such as biofuels, solar power, wind power, wave power, geothermal power and tidal power. It usually also includes technologies that improve energy efficiency. This book discusses new developments in this field, as well as the impact that renewable energy, and alternative energy might have in the future. This important book gathers the latest research in the study of sustainable energy and highlights such topics as: monitoring sustainable energy development; methane; energy and territory; biodiesel production; environmental policies in an electricity sector and others.

For the thirty-four million people living in Sudan, environmental pollution is a major concern throughout the country; therefore industry, communities, local authorities and central government should adopt an integrated approach in order to deal with pollution issues. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may reflect lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of spending money on the treatment of their effluent prior to discharge. Present resources must be strictly monitored and managed effectively if further deterioration is to be avoided. This book offers pertinent information regarding Sudan's water supply.

Be it in our home or workplace, we are becoming increasingly accustomed to enjoying the maximum comfort levels. To make the indoor environment as per our suitability is a challenging task. Buildings are one of the most important contributors of pollutants and waste that affects the urban environment and contributes to adverse climatic conditions. Hence, exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of biofuels is a significant public health hazards, affecting the poor in both rural and urban communities in developing countries. Furthermore, the world's view of waste has changed dramatically in recent years and it is now seen as a source to feed the ever-growing demand for energy. Nowadays, emphasis is being laid upon utilisation of the surrounding energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings. Exploitation of renewable energy sources and particularly ground heat in buildings can contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Buildings where people work require more light and moreover, in the buildings where people live, the energy is used to maintain the lighting, temperature and proper ventilation. Hence, natural ventilation is rapidly becoming a significant part in the design strategy for non-domestic buildings. Ventilation has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of building operations, due to lower energy demand for cooling. A traditional, naturally ventilated building can readily provide a high ventilation rate. On the other hand, the mechanical ventilation systems are very expensive. Heating and energy consumption are interesting topics not just for the industry. Homeowners are also on the look-out for suitable technologies to keep overheads as low as possible and to save energy.

A booming economy, high population, land-locked location, remote separated and poorly accessible rural areas, large reserves of oil, large mining sector and cattle farming on a large scale, are all factors which are most influential to the total water scene in Africa. It is expected that the pace of implementation of water infrastructure will increase and the quality of work will improve in addition to building the capacity of the private and district staff in contracting procedures. This book discusses the urgent need to study possible rehabilitation measures in order to ensure a sustainable and excellent water quality and improved sanitation for African citizens.

The imminent exhaustion of fossil energy resources and the increasing demand for energy were the motives to put into practice an energy policy based on rational use of energy, and on exploitation of new and renewable energy sources. Since the supply of conventional energy has not been able to follow the tremendous increase of the production demand in rural areas of the world, a renewed interest for the application of solar and wind energy has shown in many places. Therefore, researchers and engineers began to pay more attention to wind and solar energy utilisation in rural areas. This book presents the background and ideas of the developments being made in the use of solar and wind resources.