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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th
Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI'97, held
in Perth, Australia, in November/December 1997. The volume presents
48 revised full papers selected from a total of 143 submissions.
Also included are three keynote talks and one invited paper. The
book is divided into topical sections on constraint satisfaction
and scheduling, computer vision, distributed AI, evolutionary
computing, knowledge-based systems, knowledge representation and
reasoning, learning and machine vision, machine learning, NLP and
user modeling, neural networks, robotics and machine recognition,
and temporal qualitative reasoning.
Sustainable Biodiesel: Real World Designs, Economics and
Applications offers a unique, integrated approach that combines
cutting-edge research results and the day-to-day aspects of
biodiesel production at the industrial level. The book brings
together experienced academics and recognized industry experts to
explore the most practical elements of research and discuss
limitations and future needs in the industry. Sections discuss
biodiesel-based biorefineries, feedstock supply chains, reactor
technologies and processes for biodiesel production. In addition,
the authors examine biodiesel plants from the point-of-view of
design, operation, quality control, lifecycle costing (LCC), life
cycle assessment, and environmental and exergetic sustainability,
and more. This book provides both researchers and practitioners in
the field of biomass and biofuels with a well-rounded understanding
of how the technologies developed in the lab can be deployed in the
industry at commercial scale in a sustainable and cost-efficient
way.
Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Bioelectrochemical
Systems covers advancements in nanomaterial and nanocomposite
applications for microbial fuel cells. One of the advantages of
using microbial fuel cells is the simultaneous treatment of
wastewater and the generation of electricity from complex organic
waste and biomass, which demonstrates that microbial fuel cells are
an active area of frontier research. The addition of microorganisms
is essential to enhance the reaction kinetics. This type of fuel
cell helps to convert complex organic waste into useful energy
through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, thereby
generating energy. By incorporating nano-scale fillers into the
nanocomposite matrix, the performance of the anode material can be
improved. This is an important reference source for materials
scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how
nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient fuel cells.
We propose a new technique of the differential quadrature method to
find numerical solutions of the different transport
(convection-diffusion) equations with appropriate initial and
boundary conditions. The present method is based on the Bernstein
polynomials formula, which is used to construct the weighting
coefficients matrices of differential quadrature method, the new
methodology is called Bernstein differential quadrature method
(BDQM). Also, we improved alternating direction implicit
formulation of differential quadrature method (ADI-DQM), based on
Bernstein differential quadrature method (ADI-BDQM) for solving
transport (convection-diffusion) equations. The results show that
the differential quadrature technique renewed can be used as a
powerful, reliable, accurate and efficient numerical tool in
solving the transport problems. Finally, the many appearance of
nonlinear differential equations as transport model in some fields
of applied mathematics makes it necessary to investigate methods of
solution for such equations (numerical) and we hope that this work
is a step in this direction. We sincerely hope this methods can be
applied to a wider range of problems.
Youth crime is a complex social problem that significantly impacts
all members and processes of a social structure. Various factors
are involved in the criminality of youth this is an attempt to
explore only the social causes of crimes. Various factors including
(social, economic, political and psychological) are there behind
the causes of crimes. It is my attempt to test only one variable of
crimes which is social variable. The word social denote the meaning
of the interaction of the individuals and the groups. Interaction
between individuals compel the individual to commit crimes when he
fails to satisfy the needs of his intersecting ones. This study
findings shows that there is a great relation of individual and
crimes with man's interaction.
There are two different methods to deal with offenders/criminals,
one is simple imprisonment and second is community based
correctional services. This study focused on community based
correctional service (Probation) to identify the objectives of the
study. Petty offence is a little crime which have less punishment /
Custodial period. Petty offenders are those who violate some laws
i.e Cheating, Drug addiction, Theft, Drinking, Contaminant of
Court, Property Conflicts, Business Conflicts, Family Disputes etc.
Lot of socio economic and psychological problems become the cause
of offences, some of the most common causes are Lack of Education,
Lack of Recreational facilities, Improper Legislation, Corrupt
Politics, Defective Court and Penal System, Family Disputes, Peer
Group Population etc. Some theorists of criminology think that the
crime is learned behavior, some think situational ties makes the
man criminal, some focused on psychological causes and some on
political causes. Infact all of these causes / factors have
pronounced effects on crime. This study shows the actual effecting
ratio of these factors on crime in selected universe.
Synthetic insecticides have been the major control method of insect
pests since 1950s. The widespread and unwise use of insecticides
has resulted in the development of insect strains that are
resistant to insecticides. The level of insecticide resistance was
evaluated in two economically important stored grain pests,
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius)
in the present study. Resistance level was checked against one
organophosphate and four pyrethroid insecticides by using filter
paper method and residual film method. Mortality was recorded after
48 hours of treatment. Resistant insects were identified on the
basis of their LC50 values. T. castaneum (H.) appeared to be more
resistant as compared to R. dominica (F.). Results indicated that
deltamethrin 2.5% SC was more toxic of all test insecticides while
DDVP 50% EC was least toxic.
Pakistan is facing an acute shortage of edible oil. In order to
overcome the prevailing situation, there is a dire need to increase
per acre yield of non-conventional oilseed crops. Plant density and
nitrogen fertilizer levels are among factors affecting sunflower
yield and seed oil percentage. The interaction between plant
spacing and N rate significantly affected seed and oil yields. In
this context, the OILCROP-SUN model has been tested with sunflower
and results indicated that achene yield of sunflower hybrid
cultivar among various planting densities was related to their
photosynthetic activity. The data suggested that there is
considerable scope to exploit the yield potential of sunflower
hybrid with variable planting density and nitrogen rates, depending
upon the prevailing climatic conditions. It may be concluded from
this study that planting density of 8.33 plants m-2band nitrogen
rate N2, 125 kg ha-1 (recommended dose) is recommended for
achieving high yield under agro ecological conditions of
Faisalabad.
Organizations expect involvement and commitment from their
workforce to create esprit de corps for the realization of
corporate as well as individual objectives. However, worker's
attitude (involvement and commitment) depends on his/her
satisfaction from different aspects of the organization as related
to the employees. Employee's satisfaction or 'Job Satisfaction'
therefore determines the degree to which a worker will be involved
in and committed to any job/work. Several organizational dimensions
have been identified as the predictors of job satisfaction but pay,
work, supervision, promotion, work environment and co-workers are
widely researched independent variables that have been studied over
and over again (job-related factors). In the background of these
instant variables, organizational structure, policies and broader
social context play dominant role in the variation of job
satisfaction (organization related variables). Finally, the
personal characteristics of employees are also responsible to
explain the job satisfaction of the workers in any organization
(personal features).
Microbial proteases are widely used in commercial applications such
as food processing, leathermaking and papermaking. In addition,
proteases are commonly added to laundry detergents. Bacteria of the
genus Bacillus are commonly used for protease production.
Commercially available recombinant proteases are made using
proprietary microorganisms and processes and are barely affordable
in some of the poor regions of the world. Therefore, interest
remains in effective wildtype proteases that could be produced
inexpensively for use in household detergents and other
applications. In this context, this work reports on extracellular
proteases of Bacillus subtilis ASQ01 isolated from soil in Sindh,
Pakistan.
The demand of different multimedia services and different internet
supported applications on mobile devices requires a high speed data
rate and good service quality. This can be obtained by implementing
multiple Antenna technology on both stations i.e. User terminal and
base station with an appropriate coding technique, and on the other
hand MIMO can fulfill 3G & 4G demand and standard with a
combination of other techniques. The MIMO diversity and MIMO
multiplexing are the key factors to discuss and matter of concern
is to achieve and support high speed data rate. MIMO multiplexing
is a way to gain robustness and achievement in speed of data
information. The MIMO-OFDM is the reproductive and highly famous
services for Wireless broad band access. The combination of MIMO
and OFDM accumulates the purpose of each and every scheme that will
provide the high throughput. The current and main application of
MIMO-OFDM is IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) which will gain high popularity
and the researcher's attraction for further development and
improvement.
Islamic Banking and Finance is known to be the fastest growing
economic system of the current time. It has always been in
discussion that how the unique engraved risks of Islamic Finance be
avoided or reduced to minimum. This book provides a comprehensive
and all-encompassing view of different Risk Management Practices in
Islamic Banking and Finance. This Book is equally helpful for
students to build a theoretical understanding of Risk Management
Techniques in Islamic Banking as well as for professionals who are
practically applying these practices. This book will help them
manage different risks in Islamic Banking field more appropriately.
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