Principles and Practice in Mining Engineering is an up-to-date introduction to the scientific principles and technological practices of mining engineering. This book introduces the processes involved in surface and underground mining and covers many topical issues common to mining engineering practices, including mining and quarrying methods, environmental protection measures, finance and investment, policy and mining education. Recent technology and innovations (technovations) in the mining and mineral industry, including digital mine, IoT/IIoT, AI and machine learning are also discussed. Seven case studies of mines and mining operation from different parts of the globe are included to demonstrate how various minerals, including lithium, potash, copper, gold, uranium and coal are extracted. These case studies are written by experienced industry professionals working for reputable companies. Suggested readings, references, websites and conversion tables for mining engineering applications are included at the end of the book for reader’s reference. Principles and Practice in Mining Engineering gives practical, real-world knowledge to the mining workforce engaged in the mining and minerals industry globally. The book also aims at students, scientists, academics, NGO’s and professionals just entering the mining industry.

Principles and Practice in Mining Engineering is an up-to-date introduction to the scientific principles and technological practices of mining engineering. This book introduces the processes involved in surface and underground mining and covers many topical issues common to mining engineering practices, including mining and quarrying methods, environmental protection measures, finance and investment, policy and mining education. Recent technology and innovations (technovations) in the mining and mineral industry, including digital mine, IoT/IIoT, AI and machine learning are also discussed. Seven case studies of mines and mining operation from different parts of the globe are included to demonstrate how various minerals, including lithium, potash, copper, gold, uranium and coal are extracted. These case studies are written by experienced industry professionals working for reputable companies. Suggested readings, references, websites and conversion tables for mining engineering applications are included at the end of the book for reader’s reference. Principles and Practice in Mining Engineering gives practical, real-world knowledge to the mining workforce engaged in the mining and minerals industry globally. The book also aims at students, scientists, academics, NGO’s and professionals just entering the mining industry.

This is introductory book for researchers, scientists and students in the area of organic and inorganic composite materials. This book has addressed timely the innovative topic "chalcogenide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes and chalcogenide-bilayer graphene" composite materials under a glassy regime. This book will give a clear idea on the concepts of the newly established composite materials area, by providing interpretations of inside physio-chemical mechanism. The remarkable landmark innovations related to this newly introduced research field are included in this book. Additionally, the possible futuristic applications in the area of nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, biomedical etc are also addressed.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are a growing problem across the world's aging population. Oxidative stress in the brain plays a central role in a common pathophysiology of these diseases. This book presents scientific research on the potential of antioxidant therapy in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This book outlines the roles of oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus in neurodegeneration, describes the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders including the roles of environmental pollutants and inflammatory responses, and explores mitochondrial dysfunction. It then describes the protective abilities of antioxidants - including vitamin D, tocotrienol and coenzyme Q10 - against neurodegeneration. The book demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets, and highlights the roles of medicinal plants, phytopharmaceuticals, traditional medicines and food nutrients in neuroprotection. Key Features: Explains damage caused by numerous neurodegenerative disorders and the possible protection offered by antioxidants and functional foods. Describes molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration by oxidative stress, advancing age, diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Demonstrates protection offered by nutraceuticals, antioxidants, botanical extracts and functional foods. The book contains twenty-three chapters divided into six sections written by leading researchers. This book is essential reading for health professionals, dietitians, food and nutrition scientists and anyone wanting to improve their knowledge of etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are a growing problem across the world's aging population. Oxidative stress in the brain plays a central role in a common pathophysiology of these diseases. This book presents scientific research on the potential of antioxidant therapy in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This book outlines the roles of oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus in neurodegeneration, describes the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders including the roles of environmental pollutants and inflammatory responses, and explores mitochondrial dysfunction. It then describes the protective abilities of antioxidants - including vitamin D, tocotrienol and coenzyme Q10 - against neurodegeneration. The book demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets, and highlights the roles of medicinal plants, phytopharmaceuticals, traditional medicines and food nutrients in neuroprotection. Key Features: Explains damage caused by numerous neurodegenerative disorders and the possible protection offered by antioxidants and functional foods. Describes molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration by oxidative stress, advancing age, diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Demonstrates protection offered by nutraceuticals, antioxidants, botanical extracts and functional foods. The book contains twenty-three chapters divided into six sections written by leading researchers. This book is essential reading for health professionals, dietitians, food and nutrition scientists and anyone wanting to improve their knowledge of etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Atmospheric Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications discusses the fundamental principles of atmospheric remote sensing and their applications in different research domains. Furthermore, the book covers the basic concepts of satellite remote sensing of the atmosphere, followed by Ionospheric remote sensing tools like Global Positioning System (GPS) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave. Sections emphasize the applications of atmospheric remote study in Ionospheric perturbation, fire detection, aerosol characteristics over land, ocean and Himalayan regions. In addition, the application of atmospheric remote sensing in disaster management like dust storms, cyclones, smoke plume, aerosol-cloud interaction, and their impact on climate change are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for students, researchers and professionals working in atmospheric science, remote sensing, and related disciplines.

Water Scarcity, Contamination, and Management presents new and updated material, including case studies, step-by-step guidance on key procedures and protocols, and timely topics such as climate change and integrated water resource management. This book is divided into three key sections. Section 1-Water Resource Scarcity-focuses on sustainable development and management of water resources and techniques and methods for improving water use efficiency. Section 2-Contamination of Water Resources-focuses on understanding the quality of water resources, migration of pollutant sources, geochemical processes, groundwater depletion, and seasonal variations in contaminant concentration, water resources' quality status, and associated human health risks. Section 3-Water Resource Management-considers a consolidated and coordinated approach to find the solution to water resource issues. Presenting a comprehensive overview of the water management field, the book serves as a valuable reference for students, professors, scholars, researchers, and consultants in the fields of water resources, civil engineering, environmental science and engineering, and hydrology.

Current Challenges and Management of Disease in the Elderly Population is a comprehensive insight into the diseases and their management in elderly population during ageing. The book provides information on the development in understanding, diagnosis and management of major diseases through biological and technological interventions. Non-communicable diseases currently infesting old age population will have a huge epidemiological burden on the health care system in near future. Middle- and high-income countries warrant sincere efforts to provide information on the current challenges and management of disease in elderly population in health care professionals and social organizations related to the health of society. The book is a holistic approach by international authors from different fields on major diseases, which are predominantly increasing at an alarming rate in old age population around the globe. The first chapter provides information on stem cells involved in the regulation of cell homeostasis by process of DNA-based methylation/demethylation and regulating gene expression involved in cell fate to undergo apoptosis. The second chapter emphasizes the immunological decline in innate and adaptive immunity in ageing cells, which leads to decreased activity of T-cell and T-regulatory cells. The third, fourth and fifth chapters deal with chronic diseases like Type 2 Diabetes mellitus based neuropathy, different bone diseases in old age and involvement of Vitamin D in women's bone health in elderly population. The problem of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus based neuropathy is the result of unattended or poor medical interventions, therefore emphasis on this problem and its prevention is dealt with in detail. Further disease like osteoporosis, Paget disease, and Arthritis, which are very common in old age population and deficiency of Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous in elderly women after menopause, where estrogen based hormonal deabsorbtion of Vitamin D lead to poor bone health, is detailed from mechanism, diagnosis, current challenges and future perspective of preventions. Ageing eye problems and associated challenges are incorporated with in depth information on dry eyes and vitreous detachment, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, which leads to irreversible visual impairment or blindness, the details information on detection, treatment and prevention are discussed in Chapter 6. The task of detecting specific diseases is paramount for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Chapter 7 & 8 on biomarkers using omics technology and metalobomics provides complete information on the recent development in identification and analysis of metabolites and biomolecules using different technology platforms to detect the disease condition at an early stage. They also highlight challenges in the field that need to be addressed to overcome the problem of disease diagnosis for timely intervention. The majority of neurodegenerative disorders influencing the population above the age of 65 is mainly related to neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. Tthe last two chapters, 9 &10, of this book have tried to provide information related to mechanism of neurodegeneration in various neuronal disorders and the role of various plant flavanoids in prevention of disease onset, the effect on the choice of nutraceuticals and their role in brain heath and prevention from old age neuronal problems.

This book provides an introduction to the statistical software R and its application with an empirical approach in finance and economics. It is specifically targeted towards undergraduate and graduate students. It provides beginner-level introduction to R using RStudio and reproducible research examples. It will enable students to use R for data cleaning, data visualization and quantitative model building using statistical methods like linear regression, econometrics (GARCH etc), Copulas, etc. Moreover, the book demonstrates latest research methods with applications featuring linear regression, quantile regression, panel regression, econometrics, dependence modelling, etc. using a range of data sets and examples.

Explore strange, unexplained phenomenon such as the UFOs, incredible creatures, sudden vanishing, legendary places, unsolved murders and strange deaths. Discover inexplicable incidents occurring not only in the skies and the cosmos, but also in the natural world, and in the depths of human mind with the help of hoaxes, technologies, secret societies and miracles. This book just doesn't help you imagine situations or invented characters but take you around real happenings which though are hard t

: Discover inexplicable incidents occurring not only in the skies and the cosmos, but also in the natural world, and at the depths of human mind with the help of hoaxes, technologies, secret societies and miracles. This book steals the show as like other mystery books it just doesn't help you imagine situations or invented characters but also allows you to revolve around real happenings which though are hard to believe due to their extraordinary nature but the illustrations and proofs provided in the book convinces the reader of their existence and hence keeps him glued. Though it is not a fiction, the incidences mentioned in this book are exceptionally and completely breathtaking which promise to make the reader more and more curious with every passing leaf... In fact, thrillers have always fascinated the young and old alike. There is no clear-cut demarcation line between myth and history, or between appearance and reality. Many mysteries have been solved but there are still many more which have remained unsolved and defied all rational explanations.

In traditional system of Indian medicine, the whole plant of Phyllanthus acidus L. Skeels (Euphorbiaceae) has been widely employed for the treatment of variety of disease including inflammation and hepatic ailments. With this view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of Phyllanthus acidus. The biochemical and histological changes were monitored to evaluate the extent of hepatic toxicity and inflammation. The methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus acidus at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, showed a significant protective activity in rats against thioacetamide and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. The same extract also showed promising anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemical and chromatographic studies revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolics in the extract, which suggest that these constituents might be associated with exhibited biological properties.

If you are tired or bored with routine - or simply want to relax after busy work schedule, this book will prove the best companion. In fact, thrillers have always fascinated the young and old alike. There is no clear-cut demarcation line between myth and history, or between appearance and reality. Many mysteries have been solved but there are still many more which have remained unsolved and defied all rational explanations.

The Small and Medium Enterprises contribute to the economic development in a big way. They offer productivity and quality at par with the large-scale industries. The small and medium scale sector has grown in the country in terms of production, exports quality and is now gearing to accept the new challenges. They also make available to the masses a far wider range of consumer and industrial goods. Small and Medium Scale units are the backbone of the industrial structure in the state of Uttarakhand. These units are manufacturing a variety of goods ranging from tiny needles to sophisticated electronic goods. Market information is a necessary input for successful marketing planning and execution. Information collected from the market helps in the decision making process of the organization and helps the organization to estimate the future consumption patterns and hence, also helps in production planning and operations, procurement of raw material at right time, streamlining of production and distribution processes and deciding on the marketing network. So, the small and medium scale industries should focus on it for further development of this sector.