Regionalization and Harmonization in TVET contains the papers presented at the 4th UPI International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET 2016, Bandung, Indonesia, 15-16 November 2016). 1. Standardization in Regionalization and Harmonization 2. Skill and Personal Development 3. Social and Cultural Issues 4. Teaching Innovations in TVET 5. Innovations in Engineering and Education.

Regionalization and Harmonization in TVET contains the papers presented at the 4th UPI International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET 2016, Bandung, Indonesia, 15-16 November 2016). 1. Standardization in Regionalization and Harmonization 2. Skill and Personal Development 3. Social and Cultural Issues 4. Teaching Innovations in TVET 5. Innovations in Engineering and Education.

Zinc oxide, ZnO, has been attracting much attention because of its potential applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices. The notable properties of ZnO include direct band energy gap (Eg=3.37 eV at RT), large exciton binding energy of 60 meV, and strong cohesive energy of 1.89 eV. Recent reports on the lasing mechanism of ZnO have shown that ZnO is a promising photonic material for exciton devices in the wavelength ranging from blue to ultraviolet. It is well known that high quality materials are required for optoelectronic devices. At the current stage the problems in extending toward ZnO-based device applications are the difficulty in achieving high crystal quality in either bulk or thin film dimensions of ZnO, as well as the difficulty in controlling p-type conductivity. On the other hand, control of the crystalline defects in naturally n-type ZnO is the critical issue to obtain p-type ZnO. This book is focused on improving the quality of ZnO films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (P-MBE) on c-sapphire with a MgO buffer layer through optimization of buffer layers and detailed structural characterization.

Providing a reliable and sustainable power supply with appropriate environmental considerations to remote areas, especially in developing countries, is the main aim of this research. There have been many natural disasters in Indonesia, primarily the Aceh Tsunami on Boxing Day 2004, and followed by many others, such as the earthquake in Yogyakarta in 2006, the Padang earthquake in 2007, and earthquake in Manokwari, Papua, in early 2009. Some other disasters in other regions include: the Maldives, a country formed by a group of natural atolls located to the southwest of India, which was affected by the Asia Tsunami 2004, the China earthquake in 2008 and the cyclone in Burma in the same year. Such catastrophes usually result in the affected areas being isolated, particularly if the events happen in remote locations. Most of these areas usually suffer from destruction of their vital infrastructure, such as power and water supplies. These occurrences demonstrate the need for an appropriate and environmentally-friendly solution to the lack of power and water supplies in remote areas as part of disaster response and reconstruction.