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This book develops and presents a conceptual model for
sustainable-groundwater irrigated agriculture. The model is based
on the general principles of the economic theories of cost-benefit
relations and behavioral models of resource use. The study has
evaluated the advances in tubewell farming and the aquifer
potential in arid Balochistan over a period of three decades. It
has analyzed the booms and busts of the farming over time taking
into consideration the local aquifer limitations and the
socio-political considerations and policy framework. Three data
sets - farmers, expert officials and satellite images - have been
used to aid validation. By observing the most vital parameters, the
study has concluded that the local aquifer has been falling at a
rate directly proportional to the growth rate of irrigated farming,
suggesting the current development process is unsustainable. For
instance, the research finds that tubewell bores have reached down
to depths where the term "aquifer mining" applies; as a result,
irrigation costs have become too high to allow farming to be
economically viable. In addition, desertification is steadily
encroaching and the cropping pattern being changed from high-value
horticulture to subsistence cropping. The study has also set
parameters for assessing the willingness of farmers to accept
modern, sustainable strategies and interventions.
This book develops and presents a conceptual model for
sustainable-groundwater irrigated agriculture. The model is based
on the general principles of the economic theories of cost-benefit
relations and behavioral models of resource use. The study has
evaluated the advances in tubewell farming and the aquifer
potential in arid Balochistan over a period of three decades. It
has analyzed the booms and busts of the farming over time taking
into consideration the local aquifer limitations and the
socio-political considerations and policy framework. Three data
sets farmers, expert officials and satellite images - have been
used to aid validation. By observing the most vital parameters, the
study has concluded that the local aquifer has been falling at a
rate directly proportional to the growth rate of irrigated farming,
suggesting the current development process is unsustainable. For
instance, the research finds that tubewell bores have reached down
to depths where the term aquifer mining applies; as a result,
irrigation costs have become too high to allow farming to be
economically viable. In addition, desertification is steadily
encroaching and the cropping pattern being changed from high-value
horticulture to subsistence cropping. The study has also set
parameters for assessing the willingness of farmers to accept
modern, sustainable strategies and interventions."
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Diabetes (Paperback)
Bukhari Shazia Anwer, Zia-ur Rahman, Ahmad Saeed
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R1,784
Discovery Miles 17 840
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Normal and diabetic patients with different age and gender were
selected from human population pertaining to rural background for
investigation homocysteine (Hcy) and DNA damage as biomarkers.
Normally with age, ESR, glycosylated haemoglobin, glucose,
cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, total proteins, albumin,
globulins, creatinine, urea, ALT and AST did increase while PCV, Hb
did decrease significantly. Health markers (SOD, GPx, Hcy, sialic
acid and hexosamine) did increase significantly. Diabetic patients
did show a significant increase in their ESR, glycosylated Hb,
glycosylated proteins, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total
proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, SOD, GPx, Hcy, K and
Fe concentration, however, PCV, Hb, vitamin C, E, A, T3, T4, Na,
Ca, Mg, Zn and Se did decrease significantly. DNA damage was
negatively correlated with Hb, vitamin C, E, A, T3 and T4.
Homocysteine was positively co-related with systolic blood
pressure, ESR, glycosylated Hb and proteins, glucose, cholesterol,
triglyceride, albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, superoxide
dismutase, sialic acid, hexosamine, testosterone, sodium, potassium
and magnesium
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