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The book aims to examine the relationship between exemplification
and categorization, using linguistic data from Japanese to better
understand how people create and communicate conceptual categories
in real-life situations (cf. the notion of ad hoc categories). In
the book, exemplification is defined in functional terms as a
process through which a speaker signals that a given entity should
be construed as representative of a larger category of similar
entities. The status of example can thus be encoded by means of
dedicated analytical markers that overtly signal the exemplifying
relation (e.g. for example), but also by making explicit reference
to the larger category from which the examples have been selected.
Through a case-study on four Japanese exemplifying markers (ya,
nado, tari, toka), this book aims to understand (i) how examples
are used and encoded by speakers to make reference to conceptual
categories, (ii) what types of categories speakers can create and
communicate by means of exemplification, (iii) how the relationship
between exemplification and categorization can be used by speakers
to achieve specific discourse effects, such as vagueness and
politeness.
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