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This book aims to provide an overview of how photocatalysis can be
employed in water and wastewater treatment. Each chapter will
attend to a different area of interest, starting with an
introduction on the fundamentals of photocatalysis. The covered
topics include metal organic frameworks (MOFs), photocatalytic
reactor types and configurations, landfill leachate treatment, and
life cycle assessment (LCA) of solar photocatalytic wastewater
treatment. In addition, the final two chapters provide fresh new
insight, by analyzing international patents on photocatalytic
materials, solar photocatalysis, and nanotechnology.
Although more than 70% of the globe is covered with water, only a
small portion is suitable for direct human use, making the scarcity
of freshwater one of our planet's most serious challenges. In this
context, desalination, defined as "the separation of salts from
water", is one of the possible solutions for appeasing our
ever-increasing thirst. By drawing upon the expertise of a
remarkable team of international authors, this book aims to provide
a simple, encompassing, and "multidisciplinary" introduction to
desalination. The particular forte of this publication is its
inclusive yet straightforward nature. In other words, the unique
assortment of reader-friendly chapters is designed to cover the
topic of desalination as a whole, and strike a delicate balance
between the technical and non-technical. To this end, the book is
divided into five general sections: * The first section presents an
overview of water scarcity, followed by a review of integrated
water management and the alternatives to desalination. The
fundamentals of desalination are also provided, including simple
water chemistry; * The second section covers conventional
desalination technologies, including thermal and membrane
processes. The topics of pre- and post- treatment are given due
credit, as all desalination plants are more or less reliant on
them; * The third section reviews the history of how desalination
technologies originated, including a review of today's R&D
activities and cutting edge research. The topic of membrane
manufacturing is also covered; * Section four is concerned with
energy and environmental issues, including the application of
renewable and nuclear energy, energy minimization, brine
management, and environmental impacts; * Finally, section five
covers the social and commercial issues, ranging from rural
desalination to politics. Desalination costs and economic
feasibility are discussed, as well as issues in business
development and future market prospects.
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