This thesis advances the long-standing challenge of measuring oxidative stress and deciphering its underlying mechanisms, and also outlines the advantages and limitations of existing design strategies. It presents a range of approaches for the chemical synthesis of fluorescent probes that detect reversible changes in cellular oxidative stress. The ability to visualise cellular processes in real-time is crucial to understanding disease development and streamline treatment, and this can be achieved using fluorescent tools that can sense reversible disturbances in cellular environments during pathogenesis. The perturbations in cellular redox state are of particular current interest in medical research, since oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. The book investigates different strategies used to achieve ratiometric fluorescence output of the reversible redox probes, which nullify concentration effects associated with intensity-based probes. It also describes suitable approaches to target these probes to specific cellular organelles, thereby enabling medical researchers to visualise sub-cellular oxidative stress levels, and addressing the typically poor uptake of chemical tools into biological studies. In total it reports on four new probes that are now being used by over twenty research groups around the globe, and two of which have been commercialised. The final chapters of this thesis demonstrate successful applications of the sensors in a variety of biological systems ranging from prokaryotes to mammalian cells and whole organisms. The results described clearly indicate the immense value of collaborative, cross-disciplinary research.

This thesis advances the long-standing challenge of measuring oxidative stress and deciphering its underlying mechanisms, and also outlines the advantages and limitations of existing design strategies. It presents a range of approaches for the chemical synthesis of fluorescent probes that detect reversible changes in cellular oxidative stress. The ability to visualise cellular processes in real-time is crucial to understanding disease development and streamline treatment, and this can be achieved using fluorescent tools that can sense reversible disturbances in cellular environments during pathogenesis. The perturbations in cellular redox state are of particular current interest in medical research, since oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. The book investigates different strategies used to achieve ratiometric fluorescence output of the reversible redox probes, which nullify concentration effects associated with intensity-based probes. It also describes suitable approaches to target these probes to specific cellular organelles, thereby enabling medical researchers to visualise sub-cellular oxidative stress levels, and addressing the typically poor uptake of chemical tools into biological studies. In total it reports on four new probes that are now being used by over twenty research groups around the globe, and two of which have been commercialised. The final chapters of this thesis demonstrate successful applications of the sensors in a variety of biological systems ranging from prokaryotes to mammalian cells and whole organisms. The results described clearly indicate the immense value of collaborative, cross-disciplinary research.

Rapid development in wireless communication promises to replace wired-communication networks in future, where the antennas play important role. Wearable antennas made a new trend by avoiding wireless communication use of physical connection with wearable electronic devices. A wearable antenna means that it is meant to be as part of the clothing. The requirements for wearable antenna are light-weight, small and robust. In addition dual or even multi-band antenna operation at selected frequency bandwidths reduce the need of many different antenna elements in clothing.EBG structures are usually realized by periodic arrangement of dielectric materials and metallic conductors. Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures and their applications in antennas have become a new research direction in the antenna community. It was first proposed to respond to some antenna challenges in wireless communications. For example, how can we suppress surface waves in the antenna ground plane and design an efficient low profile wire antenna near a ground plane with increase in gain of an antenna. The solution is the discovery of EBG structures has revealed promising solutions to the above problems.

By supplying some level of skill, ingenuity, and experience, providers of a service participate in an economy without the restrictions of carrying stock (inventory) or the need to concern themselves with bulky raw materials. On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require marketing and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical restrictions. Providers of services make up the Tertiary sector of industry. Service sector is a new frontier for marketing strategy. Service sector continues to be an ever more important part of the gross national product of developing and developed nations. Health Care, tourism, recreations, engineering, telecom, internet, education, financial services etc are vital to health and prosperity of every nation. In economics and marketing, a service is the non-material equivalent of a good. Service provision has been defined as an economic activity that does not result in ownership, and this is what differentiates it from providing physical goods. It is claimed to be a process that creates benefits by facilitating either a change in customers, a change in their physical possessions....

Health is a precursor to improve the quality of life of mankind. Individually, health is man's greatest possession, for it lays a solid edifice for his contentment. Sound mental health is a pre-requisite for human productivity and the developmental process. It is crucial to economic and technological advancement. Health compasses senses of well-being, wholeness and soundness that means more than the simple freedom from illness - a fact appreciated in the World Health Organization's definition of health as more than the absence of disease or infirmity. Thus, good health is a synthesis of physical, mental and social well-being. The Preamble to the WHO Constitution also states that the enjoyment of highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right of every human being. The quintessential objective of every educational endeavor is to optimize the learning of the students and endow them with qualitative education. This on the part of the teachers as well as the students stipulates that they should fully exploit their cognitive interventions mental health.

It has been our endeavour to bring out an abridged version of relationship of serum ADA levels in patients suffering from type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. An effort has been made to correlate serum ADA levels with chronic inflammatory response in patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus which is further responsible for multisystem long term complications in these patients. Dr. Sahiba Kukreja, M.B.B.S, M.D is working as associate professor in the Department Of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Amritsar. She has supervised many M.D students, is an editor of a book, and has 5 research papers in national and international journals. Dr. Amandeep Kaur, M.B.B.S, M.D is working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Amritsar. She has published 2 research papers in international/national journals.

Common Myna occurred predominantly in bird community of 27 bird species which was characterised by 10 insectivores, 7 omnivores, 4 frugivores, 4 granivores, 1 predatory and 1 nectarivore. Common Myna formed foraging association with 21 species, while its feeding association was restricted only to 11 bird species. For roosting Common Myna preferred all the three levels of canopy mainly of woody, wide canopied trees. Common Myna formed perching association predominantly with five species. For nests and nesting requirements, Common Myna was found closely associated with House Crow, Ring Dove, Red Vented Bulbul, Night Heron and Pied Myna. Successful breeding of Common Myna was carried out in 25 wooden nest boxes installed at four different locations. Per cent egg laying, hatching and breeding success of 44.45, 85 and 68.75 was recorded in natural cavities as compared to that of 84, 87.41 and 75.54 in nest boxes. Sixteen species of insects were recorded in the nest boxes. Present studies not only revealed the ecological status of Common Myna and its behavioural adjustments with co-existing species, but also reflected ecological stability and diversity of the study area.

Guest is God representative and people feel lucky when receiving a guest at home and attitude gave it industrial thought. Hospitality is treating people like you would want to be treated when you are travelling. In other words, it means making a tourist feel totally welcome not only as your guest, but also as the guest of the Hotel. Hospitality is genuine smiling fact. Hospitality can be termed as a deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and the public, i.e., the business of making and keeping friends, and promoting and atmosphere of better understanding. As per the Oxford Dictionary hospitality is defined as 'Reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers with liberality and goodwill.' The word hospitality is derived from the latin word 'Hospitalities'. Very frequently we hear phrases like 'He is always hospitable to his visitors', 'We are grateful to friends for their hospitality in putting us up while we were on holiday',

An Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) is the normal form of two or more crosslinked polymers. These are water soluble networks and are rendered insoluble due to the presence of chemical or physical crosslinks. As IPNs have high water uptaking capacity and biocompatibility to natural tissues, these are used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications like drug-delivery systems. Characteristics of IPNs like % swelling, number average molecular weight between crosslinks, mesh size, compressive strength vary when these are formed from different crosslinking agents and are allowed to swell in different environment of pH and temperature. Poly Vinyl Alcohal (PVA) is a tough polymer and is highly water-soluble. When Semi-IPN of PVA/AA (Acrylic Acid) is formed using Glutraldehyde(GA)/TMPTA or GA/BIS crosslinker, the space between the mesh becomes smaller and stronger. As a result, it becomes super water retainer for carrying some substance in aquatic mediums. Due to anionic nature of AA, %swelling of IPN increased as compared to hydrogel of pure PVA . Thus, used to carry model drug Etophylline.