In the 2010s, as messaging apps replaced SMS to become the main communication technologies for millions of people around the world, WhatsApp rose above its rivals to become a global communication platform. In this book, Amelia Johns, Ariadna Matamoros-Fernandez and Emma Baulch provide a comprehensive account of WhatsApp’s global growth. They begin with its emergence from a messaging app to its purchase by Meta in 2014, which, they argue, transformed WhatsApp from a simple, ‘gimmickless’ app into a global communication platform. Understanding this development can shed light on the current status of WhatsApp in relation to rivals, the trajectory of Meta’s industrial development, and how global digital economies and social media landscapes are evolving with the rise of ‘Superapps’. This book explores how WhatsApp’s unique characteristics mediate new kinds of social and commercial transactions, how they pose new opportunities and challenges for platform regulation, civic participation and democracy, and how they give rise to new kinds of digital literacy as WhatsApp becomes integrated into everyday digital cultures across the globe. Accessibly written, this book is an essential resource for students and scholars of digital media, cultural studies, and media and communications, as well as anyone interested in the emergence and growth of WhatsApp.

In the 2010s, as messaging apps replaced SMS to become the main communication technologies for millions of people around the world, WhatsApp rose above its rivals to become a global communication platform. In this book, Amelia Johns, Ariadna Matamoros-Fernandez and Emma Baulch provide a comprehensive account of WhatsApp’s global growth. They begin with its emergence from a messaging app to its purchase by Meta in 2014, which, they argue, transformed WhatsApp from a simple, ‘gimmickless’ app into a global communication platform. Understanding this development can shed light on the current status of WhatsApp in relation to rivals, the trajectory of Meta’s industrial development, and how global digital economies and social media landscapes are evolving with the rise of ‘Superapps’. This book explores how WhatsApp’s unique characteristics mediate new kinds of social and commercial transactions, how they pose new opportunities and challenges for platform regulation, civic participation and democracy, and how they give rise to new kinds of digital literacy as WhatsApp becomes integrated into everyday digital cultures across the globe. Accessibly written, this book is an essential resource for students and scholars of digital media, cultural studies, and media and communications, as well as anyone interested in the emergence and growth of WhatsApp.

With pervasive use of mobile devices and social media, there is a constant tension between the promise of new forms of social engagement and the threat of misuse and misappropriation, or the risk of harm and harassment. Negotiating Digital Citizenship explores the diversity of experiences that define digital citizenship. These range from democratic movements that advocate social change via social media platforms to the realities of online abuse, racial or sexual intolerance, harassment and stalking. Young people, educators, social service providers and government authorities have become increasingly enlisted in a new push to define and perform 'good' digital citizenship, yet there is little consensus on what this term really means and sparse analysis of the vested interests that drive its definition. The chapters probe the idea of digital citizenship, map its use among policy makers, educators, and activists, and identify avenues for putting the concept to use in improving the digital environments and digitally enabled tenets of contemporary social life. The components of digital citizenship are dissected through questions of control over our online environments, the varieties of contest and activism and possibilities of digital culture and creativity.

With pervasive use of mobile devices and social media, there is a constant tension between the promise of new forms of social engagement and the threat of misuse and misappropriation, or the risk of harm and harassment. Negotiating Digital Citizenship explores the diversity of experiences that define digital citizenship. These range from democratic movements that advocate social change via social media platforms to the realities of online abuse, racial or sexual intolerance, harassment and stalking. Young people, educators, social service providers and government authorities have become increasingly enlisted in a new push to define and perform 'good' digital citizenship, yet there is little consensus on what this term really means and sparse analysis of the vested interests that drive its definition. The chapters probe the idea of digital citizenship, map its use among policy makers, educators, and activists, and identify avenues for putting the concept to use in improving the digital environments and digitally enabled tenets of contemporary social life. The components of digital citizenship are dissected through questions of control over our online environments, the varieties of contest and activism and possibilities of digital culture and creativity.

Ten years after the Cronulla riots, the violence, racism and branding of young bodies with signs and symbols of Australian nationalism, along with the reprisal attacks by Lebanese-Australian youth, continues to inflame discussions about race relations in Australia, with many conversations shifting away from ideas of multiculturalism and cultural diversity, and towards patriotism, localism, security and fear of the (predominantly) Muslim 'Other'. Battle for the Flag contextualises and challenges the narrative by drawing upon participant observation and interviews conducted with local residents of diverse backgrounds. By paying attention to the voices of bystanders and those involved, the riot is identified as an unstable and fluid formation, where the Australian flag, the beach and whiteness itself was co-opted into a much more contingent, contested and subcultural formation than hitherto described.