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An illustrious group of economists contribute to this volume
honoring Dick Netzer, the public finance economist well-known for
his research on state and local taxation, the provision of urban
public services, and non-profit organizations. Following in his
tradition, the contributors apply microeconomics to real world
problems facing urban areas and use statistical analysis to gain
insight into practical solutions. The first four chapters of the
book provide in-depth explorations of alternative methods of
financing urban government such as: the relative merits of income
and property taxation at the local level, the impact of sales and
income taxation on property taxation, and the feasibility of
adopting a land value tax. The next two chapters focus on
government expenditures: the impact of subsidized housing
investment on property values, and the theoretical and historical
explanations for public ownership and direct provision of public
services. The final two chapters of the book turn their attention
to the non-profit sector, exploring subsidies to non-profit arts
organizations and the role of the non-profit sector in providing
K-12 education, specifically addressing the implications for
segregation and equity. Comprehensive and engaging, professionals
and scholars in the fields of public finance, urban economics and
public administration will find this collection of great interest.
Since the earlier 1980's the "sticker price" or "list price" of a
college education in theUnited States has, according to estimates
from the Consumer Price Index, risen significantlyfaster than the
overall rate of inflation. This has raised considerable concern
amongpolicymakers, parents and students that college attendance was
becoming less and less affordableeven as it was becoming more and
more important for economic success in the job market.
Since the earlier 1980's the "sticker price" of a college education
in the United States has, according to estimates from the Consumer
Price Index (CPI), risen significantly faster than the overall rate
of inflation. For the CPI, the government collects data on the
"sticker price" of college (tuition and fees) without adjusting for
scholarships given or other discounts. Further, no adjustments are
made for changes in the quality or characteristics of the services
provided, such as attributes of the faculty, the course offerings,
or the facilities. Thus, the estimated price indices reflect
changes in quality and characteristics of college as well as
changes in prices. In this paper, we develop and explore the
construction of a quality-adjusted price index for US colleges,
based on the estimation of a hedonic model of the price of college.
Our analysis indicates that estimating price indexes using hedonic
methods is both feasible and useful. Four particular
recommendations emerge from this research. First, the price of
college should be measured as the 'net' (tuition and fees net of
financial aid) rather than the 'sticker' price for computing a
consumer price index. Price indexes computed based upon tuition
plus fees net of financial aid indicate significantly lower price
rises than the price indexes computed based only upon tuition plus
fees. Second, our results indicate that the 'brand' effect of
individual colleges is important, so that price indexes should be
computed controlling for the college-fixed effect. Third, it is
important to include the attributes of colleges in constructing the
price index in order to control for changes in the quality of
college. And fourth, colleges that have graduate schools
demonstrate different pricing than colleges that do not. While the
conceptual framework for implementing a quality-adjusted price
index for higher education is straightforward, practical
implementation with currently available data presents empirical
challenges
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