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The Vikings maintain their grip on our imagination, but their image
is too often distorted by myth. It is true that they pillaged,
looted, and enslaved. But they also settled peacefully and traveled
far from their homelands in swift and sturdy ships to explore. The
Age of the Vikings tells the full story of this exciting period in
history. Drawing on a wealth of written, visual, and archaeological
evidence, Anders Winroth captures the innovation and pure daring of
the Vikings without glossing over their destructive heritage. He
not only explains the Viking attacks, but also looks at Viking
endeavors in commerce, politics, discovery, and colonization, and
reveals how Viking arts, literature, and religious thought evolved
in ways unequaled in the rest of Europe. The Age of the Vikings
sheds new light on the complex society, culture, and legacy of
these legendary seafarers.
Canon law touched nearly every aspect of medieval society,
including many issues we now think of as purely secular. It
regulated marriages, oaths, usury, sorcery, heresy, university
life, penance, just war, court procedure, and Christian relations
with religious minorities. Canon law also regulated the clergy and
the Church, one of the most important institutions in the Middle
Ages. This Cambridge History offers a comprehensive survey of canon
law, both chronologically and thematically. Written by an
international team of scholars, it explores, in non-technical
language, how it operated in the daily life of people and in the
great political events of the time. The volume demonstrates that
medieval canon law holds a unique position in the legal history of
Europe. Indeed, the influence of medieval canon law, which was at
the forefront of introducing and defining concepts such as
'equity,' 'rationality,' 'office,' and 'positive law,' has been
enormous, long-lasting, and remarkably diverse.
In this book a MacArthur Award-winning scholar argues for a
radically new interpretation of the conversion of Scandinavia from
paganism to Christianity in the early Middle Ages. Overturning the
received narrative of Europe's military and religious conquest and
colonization of the region, Anders Winroth contends that rather
than acting as passive recipients, Scandinavians converted to
Christianity because it was in individual chieftains' political,
economic, and cultural interests to do so. Through a painstaking
analysis and historical reconstruction of both archeological and
literary sources, and drawing on scholarly work that has been
unavailable in English, Winroth opens up new avenues for studying
European ascendency and the expansion of Christianity in the
medieval period.
Canon Law, Religion, and Politics extends and honours the work of
the distinguished historian Robert Somerville, a pre-eminent expert
on medieval church councils, law, and papal history. Reflecting the
focus but also the range of Somerville's studies in medieval canon
law in the era before Gratian and later, the essays explore the
transmission of canonical and theological texts--in particular
regarding the Eucharist--as well as the significance of the texts
and their complex manuscript traditions. Several essays examine
texts in their practical context, highlighting the effects of canon
law on religious institutions such as monasteries and the practices
at law courts of medieval western Europe. Four studies dealing with
the ius commune--the conjunction of canon and Roman law in daily
practice, a topic of general and perennial interest--show once
again how our understanding of canonistic and civilian legal
developments in medieval and late medieval religious and
intellectual history is evolving with greater precision when
assumptions and generalities are analysed in the light of
manuscript sources. The pioneering influence of Somerville and his
colleagues is evident in all of the essays. They broaden current
understanding of the place of law and theology in a crucial period
of history, the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. This work is
written in honour of Robert Somerville, professor of history and
Ada Byron Bampton Tremaine Professor of Religion at Columbia
University. His scholarly honours are legion, including a
fellowship in the Medieval Academy of America and the Commission
Internationale de Diplomatique. He is a corresponding member of the
Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich as well as the Bavarian
Academy of Sciences. He has received numerous awards including two
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowships. He is the author of
numerous books and articles.
This book offers perspectives on the legal and intellectual
developments of the twelfth century. Gratian's collection of Church
law, the Decretum, was a key text in these developments. Compiled
in around 1140, it remained a fundamental work throughout and
beyond the Middle Ages. Until now, the many mysteries surrounding
the creation of the Decretum have remained unsolved, thereby
hampering exploration of the jurisprudential renaissance of the
twelfth century. Professor Winroth has now discovered the original
version of the Decretum, which has long lain unnoticed among
medieval manuscripts, in a version about half as long as the final
text. It is also different from the final version in many respects
- for example, with regard to the use of of Roman law sources -
enabling a reconsideration of the resurgence of law in the twelfth
century.
This book offers perspectives on the legal and intellectual
developments of the twelfth century. Gratian's collection of Church
law, the Decretum, was a key text in these developments. Compiled
in around 1140, it remained a fundamental work throughout and
beyond the Middle Ages. Until now, the many mysteries surrounding
the creation of the Decretum have remained unsolved, thereby
hampering exploration of the jurisprudential renaissance of the
twelfth century. Professor Winroth has now discovered the original
version of the Decretum, which has long lain unnoticed among
medieval manuscripts, in a version about half as long as the final
text. It is also different from the final version in many respects
- for example, with regard to the use of of Roman law sources -
enabling a reconsideration of the resurgence of law in the twelfth
century.
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