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A Comprehensive review of modern stratigraphic methods. The
stratigraphic record is the major repository of information about
the geological history of Earth, a record stretching back for
nearly 4 billion years. Stratigraphic studies fill out our planet's
plate-tectonic history with the details of paleogeography, past
climates, and the record of evolution, and stratigraphy is at the
heart of the effort to find and exploit fossil fuel resources.
Modern stratigraphic methods are now able to provide insights into
past geological events and processes on time scales with
unprecedented accuracy and precision, and have added much to our
understanding of global tectonic and climatic processes. It has
taken 200 years and a modern revolution to bring all the necessary
developments together to create the modern, dynamic science that
this book sets out to describe. Stratigraphy now consists of a
suite of integrated concepts and methods, several of which have
considerable predictive and interpretive power. The new,
integrated, dynamic science that Stratigraphy has become is now
inseparable from what were its component parts, including
sedimentology, chronostratigraphy, and the broader aspects of basin
analysis.
Fluvial deposits represent the preserved record of one of the major
nonmarine environ ments. They accumulate in large and small
intermontane valleys, in the broad valleys of trunk rivers, in the
wedges of alluvial fans flanking areas of uplift, in the outwash
plains fronting melting glaciers, and in coastal plains. The nature
of alluvial assemblages - their lithofacies composition, vertical
stratigraphic record, and architecture - reflect an inter play of
many processes, from the wandering of individual channels across a
floodplain, to the long-term effects of uplift and subsidence.
Fluvial deposits are a sensitive indicator of tectonic processes,
and also carry subtle signatures of the climate at the time of
deposition. They are the hosts for many petroleum and mineral
deposits. This book is about all these subjects. The first part of
the book, following a historical introduction, constructs the
strati graphic framework of fluvial deposits, step by step,
starting with lithofacies, combining these into architectural
elements and other facies associations, and then showing how these,
in turn, combine to represent distinctive fluvial styles. Next, the
discussion turns to problems of correlation and the building of
large-scale stratigraphic frameworks. These basin-scale
constructions form the basis for a discussion of causes and
processes, including autogenic processes of channel shifting and
cyclicity, and the larger questions of allogenic (tectonic,
eustatic, and climatic) sedimentary controls and the development of
our ideas about nonmarine sequence stratigraphy."
Review of the second edition "For geologists and geophysicists
studying sedimentary fill of basins, this volume is a valuable
addition to their shelves. The book is packed with
informationincludes numerous lists of references, and is
up-to-date. As a source volume, this book is second to none. It is
clear and well organized." GEOPHYSICS
The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada, Second
Edition, focuses on the large, regional, sedimentary accumulations
in Canada and the United States. Each chapter provides a succinct
summary of the tectonic setting and structural and paleogeographic
evolution of the basin it covers, with details on structure and
stratigraphy. The book features four new chapters that cover the
sedimentary basins of Alaska and the Canadian Arctic. In addition
to sedimentary geologists, this updated reference is relevant for
basin analysis, regional geology, stratigraphy, and for those
working in the hydrocarbon exploration industry.
It has been more than a decade since the appearance of the First
Edition of this book. Much progress has been made, but some
controversies remain. The original ideas of Sloss and of Vail
(building on the early work of Blackwelder, Grabau, Ulrich,
Levorsen and others) that the stratigraphic record could be
subdivided into sequences, and that these sequences store essential
information about basin-forming and subsidence processes, remains
as powerful an idea as when it was first formulated. The definition
and mapping of sequences has become a standard part of the basin
analysis process. The main purpose of this book remains the same as
it was for the first edition, that is, to situate sequences within
the broader context of geological processes, and to answer the
question: why do sequences form? Geoscientists might thereby be
better equipped to extract the maximum information from the record
of sequences in a given basin or region. Tectonic, climatic and
other mechanisms are the generating mechanisms for sequences
ranging over a wide range of times scales, from hundreds of
millions of years to the high-frequency sequences formed by cyclic
processes lasting a few tens of thousands of years
The updated textbook is intended to serve as an advanced and
detailed treatment of the evolution of the subject of stratigraphy
from its disparate beginnings as separate studies of sedimentology,
lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, etc., into a modern
integrated discipline in which all components are necessary. There
is a historical introduction, which now includes information about
the timeline of the evolution of the components of modern
stratigraphy. The elements of the various components (facies
analysis, sequence stratigraphy, mapping methods,
chronostratigraphic methods, etc.) are outlined, and a chapter
discussing the modern synthesis is included near the end of the
book, which closes with a discussion of future research trends in
the study of time as preserved in the stratigraphic record.
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