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Why do leaders sometimes challenge, rather than accept, the
international structures that surround their states? In The
International Ambitions of Mao and Nehru, Andrew Kennedy answers
this question through in-depth studies of Chinese foreign policy
under Mao Zedong and Indian foreign policy under Jawaharlal Nehru.
Drawing on international relations theory and psychological
research, Kennedy offers a new theoretical explanation for bold
leadership in foreign policy, one that stresses the beliefs that
leaders develop about the 'national efficacy' of their states. He
shows how this approach illuminates several of Mao and Nehru's most
important military and diplomatic decisions, drawing on archival
evidence and primary source materials from China, India, the United
States and the United Kingdom. A rare blend of theoretical
innovation and historical scholarship, The International Ambitions
of Mao and Nehru is a fascinating portrait of how foreign policy
decisions are made.
For decades, leadership in technological innovation has sustained
U.S. power worldwide. Today, however, processes that undergird
innovation increasingly transcend national borders. Cross-border
flows of brainpower have reached unprecedented heights, while
multinationals invest more and more in high-tech facilities abroad.
In this new world, U.S. technological leadership increasingly
involves collaboration with other countries. China and India have
emerged as particularly prominent partners, most notably as
suppliers of intellectual talent to the United States. In The
Conflicted Superpower, Andrew Kennedy explores how the world's most
powerful country approaches its growing collaboration with these
two rising powers. Whereas China and India have embraced global
innovation, policy in the United States is conflicted. Kennedy
explains why, through in-depth case studies of U.S. policies toward
skilled immigration, foreign students, and offshoring. These make
clear that U.S. policy is more erratic than strategic, the outcome
of domestic battles between competing interests. Pressing for
openness is the "high-tech community"-the technology firms and
research universities that embody U.S. technological leadership.
Yet these pro-globalization forces can face resistance from a range
of other interests, including labor and anti-immigration groups,
and the nature of this resistance powerfully shapes just how open
national policy is. Kennedy concludes by asking whether U.S.
policies are accelerating or slowing American decline, and
considering the prospects for U.S. policy making in years to come.
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