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'Rich, authoritative and highly readable, Andrew Pettegree's tour
de force will appeal to anyone for whom, whatever the
circumstances, books are an abiding, indispensable part of life.'
David Kynaston Chairman Mao was a librarian. Stalin was a published
poet. Evelyn Waugh served as a commando - before leaving to write
Brideshead Revisited. Since the advent of modern warfare, books
have all too often found themselves on the frontline. In The Book
at War, acclaimed historian Andrew Pettegree traces the surprising
ways in which written culture - from travel guides and scientific
papers to Biggles and Anne Frank - has shaped, and been shaped, by
the conflicts of the modern age. From the American Civil War to the
invasion of Ukraine, books, authors and readers have gone to war -
and in the process become both deadly weapons and our most
persuasive arguments for peace.
LONGLISTED FOR THE HISTORICAL WRITERS' ASSOCIATION NON-FICTION
CROWN A SUNDAY TIMES NON-FICTION BOOK OF THE YEAR 'Timely ... a
long and engrossing survey of the library' FT 'A sweeping,
absorbing history, deeply researched' Richard Ovenden, author of
Burning the Books Famed across the known world, jealously guarded
by private collectors, built up over centuries, destroyed in a
single day, ornamented with gold leaf and frescoes or filled with
bean bags and children's drawings - the history of the library is
rich, varied and stuffed full of incident. In this, the first major
history of its kind, Andrew Pettegree and Arthur der Weduwen
explore the contested and dramatic history of the library, from the
famous collections of the ancient world to the embattled public
resources we cherish today. Along the way, they introduce us to the
antiquarians and philanthropists who shaped the world's great
collections, trace the rise and fall of fashions and tastes, and
reveal the high crimes and misdemeanours committed in pursuit of
rare and valuable manuscripts.
This beautifully illustrated book is the most ambitious
one-volume survey of the Reformation yet. A timely and much-needed
account, it looks at every aspect of the Reformation world and
considers new historical research which has led to the expansion of
the subject both thematically and geographically. The strength of
The Reformation World is its breadth and originality, with material
drawn from many different countries, including archival material
only recently made available to scholars in central Europe.
Topics included are:
* the Church before the Reformation
* Luther and Germany
* the Reformation outside Germany
* Calvinism and the Second Reformation
* the Reformation and society
* arts and architecture
* the printed book and visual media.
This study comprises the proceedings of a conference held in St
Andrews in 1999 which gathered some of the most distinguished
historians of the French book. It presents the 16th-century book in
a new context and provides the first comprehensive view of this
absorbing field. Four major themes are reflected here: the
relationship between the manuscript tradition and the printed book;
an exploration of the variety of genres that emerged in the 16th
century and how they were used; a look at publishing and
book-selling strategies and networks, and the ways in which the
authorities tried to control these; and a discussion of the way in
which confessional literature diverged and converged. The range of
specialist knowledge embedded in this study will ensure its appeal
to specialists in French history, scholars of the book and of
16th-century French literature, and historians of religion.
The untold story of how the Dutch conquered the European book
market and became the world's greatest bibliophiles The Dutch
Golden Age has long been seen as the age of Rembrandt and Vermeer,
whose paintings captured the public imagination and came to
represent the marvel that was the Dutch Republic. Yet there is
another, largely overlooked marvel in the Dutch world of the
seventeenth century: books. In this fascinating account, Andrew
Pettegree and Arthur der Weduwen show how the Dutch produced many
more books than pictures and bought and owned more books per capita
than any other part of Europe. Key innovations in marketing, book
auctions, and newspaper advertising brought stability to a market
where elsewhere publishers faced bankruptcy, and created a
population uniquely well-informed and politically engaged. This
book tells for the first time the remarkable story of the Dutch
conquest of the European book world and shows the true extent to
which these pious, prosperous, quarrelsome, and generous people
were shaped by what they read.
This beautifully illustrated book is the most ambitious one-volume survey of the Reformation yet attempted. A timely and much-needed account, it looks at every aspect of the Reformation world and considers new historical research which has led to the expansion of the subject both thematically and geographically. The strength of The Reformation World is its breadth and originality, with material drawn from many different countries, including archival material only recently made available to scholars in central Europe. Topics included are: * the Church before the Reformation * Luther and Germany * the Reformation outside Germany * Calvinism and the Second Reformation * the Reformation and society * arts and architecture * the printed book and visual media.
LONGLISTED FOR THE HISTORICAL WRITERS' ASSOCIATION NON-FICTION
CROWN A SUNDAY TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 'A sweeping, absorbing
history, deeply researched, of that extraordinary and enduring
phenomenon: the library' Richard Ovenden, author of Burning the
Books: A History of Knowledge under Attack Famed across the known
world, jealously guarded by private collectors, built up over
centuries, destroyed in a single day, ornamented with gold leaf and
frescoes or filled with bean bags and children's drawings - the
history of the library is rich, varied and stuffed full of
incident. In this, the first major history of its kind, Andrew
Pettegree and Arthur der Weduwen explore the contested and dramatic
history of the library, from the famous collections of the ancient
world to the embattled public resources we cherish today. Along the
way, they introduce us to the antiquarians and philanthropists who
shaped the world's great collections, trace the rise and fall of
fashions and tastes, and reveal the high crimes and misdemeanours
committed in pursuit of rare and valuable manuscripts.
A revolutionary look at Martin Luther, the Reformation, and the
birth of publishing, on the eve of the Reformation's 500th
anniversary When Martin Luther posted his "theses" on the door of
the Wittenberg church in 1517, protesting corrupt practices, he was
virtually unknown. Within months, his ideas spread across Germany,
then all of Europe; within years, their author was not just famous,
but infamous, responsible for catalyzing the violent wave of
religious reform that would come to be known as the Protestant
Reformation and engulfing Europe in decades of bloody war. Luther
came of age with the printing press, and the path to glory of
neither one was obvious to the casual observer of the time.
Printing was, and is, a risky business--the questions were how to
know how much to print and how to get there before the competition.
Pettegree illustrates Luther's great gifts not simply as a
theologian, but as a communicator, indeed, as the world's first
mass-media figure, its first brand. He recognized in printing the
power of pamphlets, written in the colloquial German of everyday
people, to win the battle of ideas. But that wasn't enough--not
just words, but the medium itself was the message. Fatefully,
Luther had a partner in the form of artist and businessman Lucas
Cranach, who together with Wittenberg's printers created the
distinctive look of Luther's pamphlets. Together, Luther and
Cranach created a product that spread like wildfire--it was both
incredibly successful and widely imitated. Soon Germany was
overwhelmed by a blizzard of pamphlets, with Wittenberg at its
heart; the Reformation itself would blaze on for more than a
hundred years. Publishing in advance of the Reformation's 500th
anniversary, Brand Luther fuses the history of religion, of
printing, and of capitalism--the literal marketplace of ideas--into
one enthralling story, revolutionizing our understanding of one of
the pivotal figures and eras in human history. From the Hardcover
edition.
The extraordinary history of news and its dissemination, from
medieval pilgrim tales to the birth of the newspaper Long before
the invention of printing, let alone the availability of a daily
newspaper, people desired to be informed. In the pre-industrial era
news was gathered and shared through conversation and gossip, civic
ceremony, celebration, sermons, and proclamations. The age of print
brought pamphlets, edicts, ballads, journals, and the first
news-sheets, expanding the news community from local to worldwide.
This groundbreaking book tracks the history of news in ten
countries over the course of four centuries. It evaluates the
unexpected variety of ways in which information was transmitted in
the premodern world as well as the impact of expanding news media
on contemporary events and the lives of an ever-more-informed
public. Andrew Pettegree investigates who controlled the news and
who reported it; the use of news as a tool of political protest and
religious reform; issues of privacy and titillation; the persistent
need for news to be current and journalists trustworthy; and
people's changed sense of themselves as they experienced newly
opened windows on the world. By the close of the eighteenth
century, Pettegree concludes, transmission of news had become so
efficient and widespread that European citizens-now aware of wars,
revolutions, crime, disasters, scandals, and other events-were
poised to emerge as actors in the great events unfolding around
them.
A groundbreaking study of the fascinating, yet largely unknown
world of books in the first great age of print, 1450-1600 The dawn
of print was a major turning point in the early modern world. It
rescued ancient learning from obscurity, transformed knowledge of
the natural and physical world, and brought the thrill of book
ownership to the masses. But, as Andrew Pettegree reveals in this
work of great historical merit, the story of the post-Gutenberg
world was rather more complicated than we have often come to
believe. The Book in the Renaissance reconstructs the first 150
years of the world of print, exploring the complex web of
religious, economic, and cultural concerns surrounding the printed
word. From its very beginnings, the printed book had to straddle
financial and religious imperatives, as well as the very different
requirements and constraints of the many countries who embraced it,
and, as Pettegree argues, the process was far from a runaway
success. More than ideas, the success or failure of books depended
upon patrons and markets, precarious strategies and the thwarting
of piracy, and the ebb and flow of popular demand. Owing to his
state-of-the-art and highly detailed research, Pettegree crafts an
authoritative, lucid, and truly pioneering work of cultural history
about a major development in the evolution of European society.
Why did people choose the Reformation? What was it in the
evangelical teaching that excited, moved or persuaded them? Andrew
Pettegree here tackles these questions directly by re-examining the
reasons that moved millions to this decisive and traumatic break
with a shared Christian past. He charts the separation from family,
friends, and workmates that adherence to the new faith often
entailed and the new solidarities that emerged in their place. He
explores the different media of conversion through which the
Reformation message was communicated and imbibed - the role of
drama, sermons, song and the book - and argues that the potency of
print can only be understood as working in harmony with more
traditional modes of communication. His findings offer a persuasive
new answer to the critical question of how the Reformation could
succeed as a mass movement in an age before mass literacy.
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society is an annual
collection of major articles based on papers given to the society
by distinguished invited speakers, and by winners of the Society's
prizes. Volume 25 of the sixth series includes the following
articles: 'Presidential Address: Educating the Nation: II.
Universities', 'Apocalyptic and Eschatological Thought in England
around the Year 1000', 'Minding their Own Business: Married Women
and Credit in Early Eighteenth-Century London', 'Making History
Online', 'Richard Wagner and the German Nation', 'Traitors and the
Meaning of Treason in Austria-Hungary's Great War', 'The Uses of
Foreigners in Mao-Era China: 'Techniques of Hospitality' and
International Image-Building in the People's Republic, 1949-76',
''Cramped and Restricted at Home'? Scottish Separatism at Empire's
End', and ''Beamed Directly to the Children': School Broadcasting
and Sex Education in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s'.
In the generation that followed Martin Luther's protest, the
evangelical movement in Europe attracted very different levels of
support in different parts of the continent. Whereas in Germany,
eastern and central Europe the new movement brought a swift
transformation of the religious and political landscape, progress
elsewhere was more halting: both in the Mediterranean lands and the
new nation states of western Europe, initial enthusiasm for reform
by and large failed to bring about the wholesale renovation of
society for which evangelicals had hoped. These fascinating
contrasts are the main focus of this volume of specifically
commissioned essays, each of which charts the progress of reform in
one country or region of Europe. Written in each case by a leading
specialist in the field, they make available in English for the
first time an up-to-date survey based on primary research and a
thorough grasp of the vernacular literature. For both scholars and
students they are intended to be a valuable guide to recent debates
and literature on the success or failure of the first generation of
reform.
The German town of Emden was, in the sixteenth century, the most
important haven for exiled Dutch Protestants. In this book, based
on unrivalled knowledge of the contemporary archives, Andrew
Pettegree explores the role of Emden as a refuge, a training centre
and, above all, as the major source of Dutch Protestant propaganda.
He also provides a unique and invaluable reconstruction of the
output of Emden's famous printing presses. The emergence of an
independent state in the Netherlands was accompanied by a
transformation in the status of Protestantism from a persecuted
sect to the dominant religious force in the new Dutch republic. Dr
Pettegree shows how the exile churches, the nurseries of Dutch
Calvinism, provided military and financial support for the armies
of William of Orange and models of church organization for the new
state. Emden and the Dutch Revolt is a major scholarly contribution
to our understanding of the origins of the Dutch Republic and the
place of Calvinism in the European Reformation.
This study examines the impact of the first major influx of foreign
refugees into Britain--the Protestant exiles of the Reformation era
who came to escape persecution by the Catholic powers in France and
the Low Countries. The refugees were generally well received by an
English government that was aware of their economic potential. They
came to exercise a powerful influence over the Reformation at home
and abroad and provided a significant economic structure for a
flagging economy.
The evangelical challenge of the 16th century was one of the
seminal events of the last half millennium. In the course of a
single century of religious discord, an integrated society of
believers with shared values and common social and intellectual
assumptions evolved into a continent divided by fundamental
differences of belief, mentality, and religious practice. These
divisions cut across existing hierarchies, national boundaries and
social class. Few aspects of 16th century life were left untouched;
the impact of the Reformation disputes would be enduring, shaping
critical aspects of modern European society and reaching out, with
the European conquests, to Asia and the Americas. In the past two
decades, study of the Reformation has continued to develop and
evolve. The dissolution of the European post-war settlement in 1989
has permitted, in particular, the rediscovery of cultural and
political points of contact across areas of central Europe
previously obscured by the divisions of the late 20th century. It
is now gradually emerging that the Reformation was in many respects
more successful looking eastward, than west.This collection
reflects both the classic building blocks of Reformation history,
such as the writings of Luther and Calvin, and also the new
historiography which has emerged in recent years. The material is
organized so as to explore the thematic complexities of this
all-encompassing movement, whilst giving due weight to developments
in different parts of Europe including France, the Netherlands,
Germany, Switzerland, England and Scotland.
Throughout the sixteenth century, political and intellectual
developments in Britain and The Netherlands were closely
intertwined. At different times religious refugees from one or
other country found a secure haven across the Channel, and a
constant interchange of books, ideas and personnel underscored the
affinity of lands which both made a painful progress towards
Protestantism during the course of the century. This collection of
ten new studies, all by specialists active in the field, explores
the full ramifications of these links, from the first intellectual
contacts inspired by the growth of Humanism to the planting of
established Protestant churches. With contributions from
specialists in art history, literary studies and history, the
volume also underscores the vitality of new research in this field
and points the way to several new departures in the field of
Reformation and Renaissance studies.
Calvinism was the most dynamic and disruptive religious force of
the later sixteenth century. Its emergence on the international
scene shattered the precarious equilibrium established in the first
generation of the Reformation, and precipitated three generations
of religious warfare. This collection of essays probes different
aspects of this complex phenomenon at a local level. Contributors
present the results of their detailed work on societies as diverse
as France, Germany, Highland Scotland and Hungary. Among wider
themes approached are the impact of Calvin's writings, Calvinism in
higher education, the contrasting fates of reformed preachers in
town and country, Calvinist discipline and apocalyptic thought, and
the shadowy affinity of merchants and scholars who formed a
critical part of the 'Calvinist International'.
The Reformation was an international movement, but at the same time it achieved strikingly different levels of success in different parts of Europe. The Early Reformation in Europe explores these contrasts and comparisons through a series of specially commissioned essays by leading specialists in European history. These will serve both as a lucid and clearly written introduction to the Reformation in different parts of Europe, and as an introduction to recent debates on the success and failure of the movement as a whole.
Why did people choose the Reformation? What was it in the
evangelical teaching that excited, moved or persuaded them? Andrew
Pettegree here tackles these questions directly by re-examining the
reasons that moved millions to this decisive and traumatic break
with a shared Christian past. He charts the separation from family,
friends, and workmates that adherence to the new faith often
entailed and the new solidarities that emerged in their place. He
explores the different media of conversion through which the
Reformation message was communicated and imbibed - the role of
drama, sermons, song and the book - and argues that the potency of
print can only be understood as working in harmony with more
traditional modes of communication. His findings offer a persuasive
new answer to the critical question of how the Reformation could
succeed as a mass movement in an age before mass literacy.
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