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This highly interdisciplinary project presents new results and the
state of the art of knowledge in the psychology and neurophysiology
of language, reading and dyslexia. It concentrates on basic
cognitive functions of understanding and producing language and
disorders within its spoken and written execution. The book grew
out of the Basic Mechanisms of Language and Language Disorders
conference (Leipzig, Sept. 1999).
The second edition of the book on language comprehension in honor
of Pim Levelt's sixtieth birthday has been released before he turns
sixty-one. Some things move faster than the years of age. This
seems to be especially true for advances in science. Therefore, the
present edition entails changes in some of the chapters and
incorporates an update of the current literature. I would like to
thank all contributors for their cooperation in making a second
edition possible such a short time after the completion of the
first one. Angela D. Friederici Leipzig, November 23, 1998. Preface
to the first edition Language comprehension and production is a
uniquely human capability. We know little about the evolution of
language as a human trait, possibly because our direct ancestors
lived several million years ago. This fact certainly impedes the
desirable advances in the biological basis of any theory of
language evolution. Our knowledge about language as an existing
species-specific biological sys tem, however, has advanced
dramatically over the last two decades. New experi mental
techniques have allowed the investigation of language and language
use within the methodological framework of the natural sciences.
The present book provides an overview of the experimental research
in the area of language com prehension in particular."
The concept of semantic roles has been central to linguistic theory
for many decades. More specifically, the assumption of such
representations as mediators in the correspondence between a
linguistic form and its associated meaning has helped to address a
number of critical issues related to grammatical phenomena.
Furthermore, in addition to featuring in all major theories of
grammar, semantic (or 'thematic') roles have been referred to
extensively within a wide range of other linguistic subdisciplines,
including language typology and psycho-/neurolinguistics. This
volume brings together insights from these different perspectives
and thereby, for the first time, seeks to build upon the obvious
potential for cross-fertilisation between hitherto autonomous
approaches to a common theme. To this end, a view on semantic roles
is adopted that goes beyond the mere assumption of generalised
roles, but also focuses on their hierarchical organisation. The
book is thus centred around the interdisciplinary examination of
how these hierarchical dependencies subserve argument linking -
both in terms of linguistic theory and with respect to real-time
language processing - and how they interact with other information
types in this process. Furthermore, the contributions examine the
interaction between the role hierarchy and the conceptual content
of (generalised) semantic roles and investigate their
cross-linguistic applicability and psychological reality, as well
as their explanatory potential in accounting for phenomena in the
domain of language disorders. In bridging the gap between different
disciplines, the book provides a valuable overview of current
thought on semantic roles and argument linking, and may further
serve as a point of departure for future interdisciplinary research
in this area. As such, it will be of interest to scientists and
advanced students in all domains of linguistics and cognitive
science.
This highly interdisciplinary project presents new results and
the state of the art of knowledge in the psychology and
neurophysiology of language, reading and dyslexia. It concentrates
on basic cognitive functions of understanding and producing
language and disorders within its spoken and written execution. The
book grew out of the Basic Mechanisms of Language and Language
Disorders conference (Leipzig, Sept. 1999).
Dieses Buch behandelt jene kognitiven Strukturen und Prozesse, die
der menschlichen Sprachverarbeitung zugrundeliegen. Das hier
vorgestellte Modell geht von zwei parallel arbeitenden Subsystemen
im Sprachverarbeitungsprozess aus:
A comprehensive account of the neurobiological basis of language,
arguing that species-specific brain differences may be at the root
of the human capacity for language. Language makes us human. It is
an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it.
Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents
responsible for its phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects.
In this landmark work, Angela Friederici offers a comprehensive
account of these subcomponents and how they are integrated. Tracing
the neurobiological basis of language across brain regions in
humans and other primate species, she argues that species-specific
brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for
language. Friederici shows which brain regions support the
different language processes and, more important, how these brain
regions are connected structurally and functionally to make
language processes that take place in milliseconds possible. She
finds that one particular brain structure (a white matter dorsal
tract), connecting syntax-relevant brain regions, is present only
in the mature human brain and only weakly present in other primate
brains. Is this the "missing link" that explains humans' capacity
for language? Friederici describes the basic language functions and
their brain basis; the language networks connecting different
language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language
acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second
language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of
language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural
constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between
the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract,
that is the crucial factor in both language development and
evolution.
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