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This volume contains the contributions delivered at the efsli
(European Forum of Sign Language Interpreters) Annual Conference
held in Vietri sul Mare, Italy, on 16th-18th September 2011. The
volume represents the interesting and novel discussions from many
of the questions raised by sight translation on the one hand and by
the emerging figure of the Deaf translator on the other. More than
one contributor underline the need of further discussion on sight
translation when one of the two languages involved is a sign
language. Specific questions are raised by the visual modality of
sign languages and by the fact that these languages do not have a
written form. At the same time, many authors observe that the best
potential translators, particularly in the case of sight
translation, are Deaf translators because of their native knowledge
of their respective sign languages. Being a native signer does not
however suffice, as in the case of translation into any language.
The need for a specific training, in sign language translation, is
pointed out by almost every contributor. The experiences they
report also show that the situation in the status of training and
working conditions of Deaf and hearing sign language translators is
different in the various countries represented in the volume. The
positive experiences collated in these proceedings can therefore
also count as a model for those countries that are yet to develop
service provision in sign language translation, in order to achieve
full access to information and education for the Deaf communities
in any country. All presenters and contributors to this volume have
made the 2011 edition of the efsli conference a very useful and
enriching opportunity to deepen the knowledge about the specific
properties of translation into sign language and the skills
required to professionals working in this relatively new domain.
The need for specific training, repeatedly pointed out in the
papers, will hopefully inspire those who are in charge of the
translation and interpreting programmes in sign languages across
Europe and beyond.
Ever since Chomsky's Barriers, functional heads have been the
privileged object of research in generative linguistics. But over
the last two decades, two rival approaches have developed. The
cartographic project, as represented by the collections in this
Oxford series, considers evidence for a functional head in one
language as evidence for it in universal grammar. On the other
hand, minimalist accounts tend to consider structural economy as
literally involving as few heads as possible. In the present
volume, some of the most influential linguists who have
participated in this long-lasting debate offer their recent work in
short, self contained case studies. The contributions cover all the
main layers of recently studied syntactic structure, including such
major areas of empirical research such as grammaticalization and
language change, standard and non-standard varieties, interface
issues, and morphosyntax. Functional Heads attempts to map aspects
of syntactic structure following the cartographic approach, and in
doing so demonstrate that the differences between the cartographic
approach and the minimalist approach are more apparent than
substantial.
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