Plants are amazing organisms to study, some are important sources for pharmaceuticals, and others can help to elucidate molecular mechanisms required for a plant's development and its interactions with the biotic or abiotic environment. Functional genomics is vastly lagging behind the speed of genome sequencing as high-throughput gene function assays are difficult to design, specifically for non-model plants. Bioinformatics tools are useful for gene identification and annotation but are of limited value for predictions concerning gene functions as gene functions are uncovered best by experimental approaches. Virus-Induced-Gene-Silencing (VIGS) is an easy to use, fast, and reliable method to achieve down regulation of target gene expression. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing: Methods and Protocols provides detailed protocols for VIGS experiments in several plant species including model and non-model plants. Also included in this book are recently developed protocols for VIGS-derived microRNA production in the plant or protein over expression, as well as chapters devoted to summarizing the molecular mechanisms of VIGS action and the vector systems developed so far. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable resource for researchers from diverse fields of plant biology interested in experimental approaches to analyzing gene functions.

Plants are amazing organisms to study, some are important sources for pharmaceuticals, and others can help to elucidate molecular mechanisms required for a plant's development and its interactions with the biotic or abiotic environment. Functional genomics is vastly lagging behind the speed of genome sequencing as high-throughput gene function assays are difficult to design, specifically for non-model plants. Bioinformatics tools are useful for gene identification and annotation but are of limited value for predictions concerning gene functions as gene functions are uncovered best by experimental approaches. Virus-Induced-Gene-Silencing (VIGS) is an easy to use, fast, and reliable method to achieve down regulation of target gene expression. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing: Methods and Protocols provides detailed protocols for VIGS experiments in several plant species including model and non-model plants. Also included in this book are recently developed protocols for VIGS-derived microRNA production in the plant or protein over expression, as well as chapters devoted to summarizing the molecular mechanisms of VIGS action and the vector systems developed so far. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable resource for researchers from diverse fields of plant biology interested in experimental approaches to analyzing gene functions.

This book tells the story of how the French community embarked upon, sustained and prevailed in the Great War. The scholarly survey on France's role in the war blends diplomatic, military, social, cultural and economic history.

This book tells the story of how the French community embarked upon, sustained and prevailed in the Great War. The scholarly survey on France's role in the war blends diplomatic, military, social, cultural and economic history.

Der hier vorliegende Materialband ist der Bestandteil der Arbeitsertrage der Berichtsgruppe der BG V "Die regionale Dimension des sozialen und politi- schen Wandels in den neuen Bundeslandern". Mit der Einrichtung der Berichtsgruppe V der Kommission fur die Er- forschung des sozialen und politischen Wandels in den neuen Bundeslander, KSPW, im Marz 1994 wurde die Untersuchung regionaler und lokaler Aus- wirkungen des Transformationsprozesses zu einem expliziten Bestandteil der Forschungs- und Farderaktivitaten der KSPW. Damit wurde der Situati- on Rechnung getragen, dass (empirische) Studien zur raumlichen Dimension des sozialen und politischen Wandels im Vergleich zu denen anderer For- schungsfelder weniger zahlreich sind. Die Arbeit der Berichtsgruppe konzentrierte sich neben einer Untersu- chung regionaler Disparitaten in den neuen Landern auf Entwicklungsper- spektiven und -probleme von Stadten sowie auf die Entwicklung der Le- benslagen ausgewahlter sozialer Gruppen im regionalen sowie im Stadt- Land-Vergleich. Hierbei stutzte sich die Berichtsgruppe schwerpunktmassig auf zwei Vorgehensweisen: 1. Vergleichende regionale Analysen zwischen der Situation vor 1989 und der derzeitigen Entwicklung in den neuen Bundeslandern zwischen der Entwicklung von Regionen der alten und neuen Lan- der sowie zwischen der Entwicklung neuen Lander und der angrenzenden ost- europaischen Reformstaaten 2. Fallstudien Da sich einige Prozesse, wie z.B. Segregation oder die Entwicklung von Innenstadten in ihren Wirkungen auf die Raumstruktur nur bedingt fla- chendeckend darstellen lassen, wurde insbesondere im Bereich der Stadtentwicklung auf Fallstudien zuruckgegriffen.

Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Philosophy - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, University of Bayreuth (Insititut fur Philosophie), course: Advanced Arguments in Business Ethics, language: English, comment: Hauptprufungsleistung im Rahmen eines Seminars des Masters "Philosophie &, amp, Economics," welches im SS 2013 stattfand. Der Dozent lehrt regelmassig an der Uni Bayreuth und der Uni Wien (Institut fur Philosophie FB Praktische Philosophie)., abstract: The tendency to show environmental commitment in economic sciences has been growing during the last decades. Terms like green, ecological or environmental economics have been promoted, most famously in the first green wave, when the book "The Limits to Growth" in 1972 and the Brundtland Report "Our Common Future" in 1987, and more recently, when the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change in 2006 and the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2013, were published. But how come the business world started to care about the environment in the past, without any comprehensive standard forcing them to do so legally on a national or global level? It has been felt that the financial accounting framework was not adequate to provide the information required by various internal and external stakeholders on environmental costs and liabilities, and steps taken by companies to mitigate global warming (Idowu et al. 2013, p. 1035). The endeavour was that the complete costs incurred by an enterprise including external, environmental costs like consumption of non-renewable resources, damages to the environment and degradation of nature, ought to be considered. These external costs, which are also called externalities or societal costs, are caused by the impact of organizational activities, products and services on natural environmental resources and society, but for which the organization doesn't bear any financial liability. In other words, "external costs result from

Gender order is one domain in which claims to power are demarcated in societies based on a religious codex as well as in secular societies such as nation-states. Gender order especially becomes the area in which conflicts are carried out when a society experiences transition or clashes with another society. At a time when Israel and Palestine face an escalation of their conflict and Germany is undergoing profound changes, renowned scholars discuss the implications on the gender order from their individual vantage points. The transdisciplinary articles focus on Gender in the context of Knowledge, Arts and Representation, Memory and Scripture, Political Transition, and Life Sciences.

"Ulrike Auga" is assistant professor at Humboldt University, Berlin (Germany). "Christina von Braun" is the head of the Chair for Cultural History and Gender at Humboldt University, Berlin.

Bicycles as a means of transport in cities are playing an ever more important role. The reasons are: reduction of motorcar traffic, sustainable traffic planning, reduction of noise and exhaust emissions, enhancement of the value of public space, healthier form of transport, savings potential in national health services and infrastructure expenditure. The book illustrates urban design ideas and architectural projects which go far beyond purely redesigning road layouts; its eight essays focus on the trend in urban design, landscape design, and traffic planning, it introduces nine exemplary bicycle traffic concepts in various cities (Barcelona, Copenhagen, New York, and Oslo amongst others), and presents 28 forward-looking individual bicycle infrastructure projects.

With this brilliantly innovative book, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker have shown that the Great War was the matrix on which all subsequent disasters of the twentieth century were formed. Three elements of the conflict, all too often neglected or denied, are identified as those that must be grasped if we are to understand the war: First, what inspired its unprecedented physical brutality, and what were the effects of tolerating such violence? Second, how did citizens of the belligerent states come to be driven by vehement nationalistic and racist impulses? Third, how did the tens of millions bereaved by the war come to terms with the agonizing pain? With its strikingly original interpretative strength and its wealth of compelling documentary evidence drawn from all sides in the conflict, 14-18: Understanding the Great War has quickly established itself as a classic in the history of modern warfare.

Leading up to World War II, two Polish men witnessed the targeted extermination of Jews under Adolf Hitler and the German Reich before the reality of the Holocaust was widely known. Raphael Lemkin, a Jewish lawyer who coined the term "genocide," and Jan Karski, a Catholic member of the Polish resistance, independently shared this knowledge with Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Having heard false rumors of wartime atrocities before, the leaders met the messengers with disbelief and inaction, leading to the eventual murder of more than six million people. Messengers of Disaster draws upon little-known texts from an array of archives, including the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva and the International Tracing Service in Bad Arolsen. Carrying the knowledge of disaster took a toll on Lemkin and Karski, but their work prepared the way for the United Nations to unanimously adopt the first human rights convention in 1948 and influenced the language we use to talk about genocide today. Annette Becker's detailed study of these two important figures illuminates how distortions of fact can lead people to deny knowledge of what is happening in front of their own eyes.

Compliance hat sich mittlerweile als Instrument guter Unternehmensfuhrung etabliert, wird allerdings in seiner weitgreifenden Wirkung noch nicht umfassend genutzt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Relevanz des Whistleblowings aus dem Themenkomplex Compliance herauszustellen und Vorurteile seitens des Unternehmens sowie potenzieller Whistleblower auszuraumen. Um ein Hinweisgebersystem im Betrieb zu verankern, muss die Compliance-Organisation ringsum gut vernetzt und mit einer niederschwelligen Meldestelle ausgestattet werden. Derartige Standards sind in vielen Landern trotz der rechtlich und kulturell divergierenden Lage weitgehend akzeptiert und existent. Dennoch erfordert die Gesetzessituation zahlreicher europaischer Staaten eine deutlichere Stellungnahme, die es Whistleblowern ermoglicht, ihre Rechtssicherheit abzuschatzen und ggf. zu nutzen. Landesweise und lokal besitzen Anreizsysteme eine unterschiedliche Reichweite, weswegen das ausgewogene Verhaltnis globaler Vorgaben und lokaler Interpretation bedeutend ist.

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Jura - Zivilrecht / Handelsrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, Note: 1,0, Hochschule fur Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung Konstanz (-), Veranstaltung: Wirtschaftssprachen Asien und Management - Chinesisch (Studiengang), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Compliance hat sich mittlerweile als Instrument guter Unternehmensfuhrung etabliert, wird allerdings noch nicht umfassend in seiner weitgreifenden Wirkung genutzt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Relevanz des Whistleblowings aus dem Themenkomplex Compliance herauszustellen und Vorurteile seitens des Unternehmens sowie potenzieller Whistleblower auszuraumen. Um ein Hinweisgebersystem im Betrieb zu verankern, muss die Compliance-Organisation ringsum gut vernetzt und mit einer niederschwelligen Meldestelle ausgestattet werden. Derartige Standards sind in vielen Landern trotz der rechtlich und kulturell divergierenden Lage weitgehend akzeptiert und existent. Dennoch erfordert die Gesetzessituation zahlreicher europaischer Staaten eine deutlichere Stellungnahme, die es Whistleblowern ermoglicht, ihre Rechtssicherheit abzuschatzen und ggf. zu nutzen. Landesweise und lokal besitzen Anreizsysteme eine unterschiedliche Reichweite, weswegen das ausgewogene Verhaltnis globaler Vorgaben und lokaler Interpretation bedeutend ist.

Kuhmilch und Weizen und daraus hergestellte Produkte sind in unserer Nahrung allgegenw rtig - wie sehr, f llt erst auf, wenn sie, zum Beispiel wegen einer diagnostizierten Nahrungsmittel-Allergie, vom Speiseplan gestrichen werden m ssen. Meist sind die Betroffenen mit der Umstellung der Ern hrung zun chst v llig berfordert und oft h rt man die Frage: "Ja, was kann ich denn dann berhaupt noch essen?" Dieser praktische Ratgeber informiert ber die Symptome einer Kuhmilch- und Weizenallergie und bietet eine F lle erprobter, leckerer und einfacher Rezepte, die auch Kindern schmecken. Mit diesem Buch ist die Nahrungsumstellung einfach und kein un berwindbares Problem mehr. M glicherweise hilft es sogar, die eigenen Essgewohnheiten, auch ber die Dauer der begleitenden Therapie hinaus, langfristig zu ver ndern. Lieblingsrezepte wie Pizza und Milchreis gelingen n mlich auch ohne Kuhmilch und Weizen.

Primo Levi opened his memoir "Survival in Auschwitz" with a call to remember, reflect upon, and teach about the Holocaust--or to face the rejection of subsequent generations. The transmittal of this urgent knowledge between generations was the theme of the eighth Lessons and Legacies Conference on the Holocaust, and it is the focus of this volume. The circular formulation--from generation to generation--points backward and forward: where do we locate the roots of the Holocaust, and how do its repercussions manifest themselves? The contributors address these questions from various perspectives--history, cultural studies, psychiatry, literature, and sociology. They also bring to bear the personal aspect of associated issues such as continuity and rupture. What has the generation of the Shoah passed on to its descendants? What have subsequent generations taken from these legacies? Contributions by scholars, some of whom are survivors and children of survivors, remind us that the Holocaust does--and must--remain present from generation to generation.