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This volume contains the most significant and still timely articles
on urban economics, metropolitan and regional planning, real-estate
economics and housing written by the noted urban economist Anthony
Downs over the past four decades. The book has a new
autobiographical introduction outlining Downs's extensive
experience as a real estate and urban affairs consultant and policy
analyst for hundreds of private firms and government bodies since
1959. The articles in this book set forth fundamental policy
analyses concerning all of the major elements of urban policy.
Written in Downs's exceptionally clear and compelling style they
focus on the space-related dimensions of urban affairs, ranging
from traffic congestion to telecommunications, education, and
housing, with additional analyses of key aspects of real estate
finance. Together, these essays form a veritable handbook of how to
conduct urban policy analysis in many fields. The analysis and
conclusions are directly relevant to the urban problems which are
intensifying throughout the world today. This important book will
be an essential companion to scholars and students of housing,
urban planning, transport, regional science and real estate, it
will also be useful to policymakers and government officials.
This volume, together with a new original introduction, contains
the most significant of Anthony Downs's essays written over the
past four decades on politics and political theory. The articles
address issues such as democracy, public choice theory, rational
political decision making and political policy. As such this will
be an ideal companion to his famous book An Economic Theory of
Democracy. In this collection, Anthony Downs shows how a rational
analyst can apply common sense and the lessons of practical
experience to the most fundamental and difficult aspects of the
political theory of democracy. Written in easily accessible
language, Downs' analysis of political behaviour in a democracy and
specifically the public choice view is applied to many aspects of
democratic politics including cycles of political attention to
specific issues, and the long term evolution of democracy. This
book will prove invaluable to academics and students of politics,
democracy, and public choice theory.
A former general partner of Morgan Stanley, Buzz McCoy was a
pioneer in linking real estate financing to capital markets.
Spanning four decades, from the 1970s through 2006, this book of
Buzzs essays chronicles the dynamic changes in real estate
financing from the viewpoint of a practitioner and industry leader
who was making real estate deals throughout the period. A bonus
section includes a collection of his writings on ethics in
business.
"Rental housing is increasingly recognized as a vital housing
option in the United States. Government policies and programs
continue to grapple with problematic issues, however, including
affordability, distressed urban neighborhoods, concentrated
poverty, substandard housing stock, and the unmet needs of the
disabled, the elderly, and the homeless. In R evisiting Rental
Housing, leading housing researchers build upon decades of
experience, research, and evaluation to inform our understanding of
the nation's rental housing challenges and what can be done about
them. It thoughtfully addresses not only present issues affecting
rental housing, but also viable solutions. The first section
reviews the contributing factors and primary problems generated by
the operation of rental markets. In the second section,
contributors dissect how policies and programs have-or have
not-dealt with the primary challenges; what improvements-if
any-have been gained; and the lessons learned in the process. The
final section looks to potential new directions in housing policy,
including integrating best practices from past lessons into
existing programs, and new innovations for large-scale, long-term
market and policy solutions that get to the root of rental housing
challenges. Contributors include William C. Apgar (Harvard
University), Anthony Downs (Brookings), Rachel Drew (Harvard
University), Ingrid Gould Ellen (New York University), George C.
Galster (Wayne State University), Bruce Katz (Brookings), Jill
Khadduri (Abt Associates), Shekar Narasimhan (Beekman Advisors),
Rolf Pendall (Cornell University), John M. Quigley (University of
California-Berkeley), James A. Riccio (MDRC), Stuart S. Rosenthal
(Syracuse University), Margery Austin Turner (Urban Institute), and
Charles Wilkins (Compass Group). "
Most Americans view traffic congestion as the most serious
environmental problem facing communities today. While overwhelming
public sentiment has forced local governments to employ a variety
of anticongestion strategies, it has been difficult to gauge their
efficacy. Only one thing is certain: most residents of metropolitan
areas believe that traffic congestion is getting worse, not better.
anticongestion programmes. Drawing on a significant body of
research from transportation experts and land-use planners, the
book examines the advantages and disadvantages of various
strategies, considers the causes of worsening traffic problems,
weighs efforts to remedy or reduce their intensification, and
identifies the most effective remedies. This edition contains
wholly new chapters on the fundamental cause of congestion, how bad
it is across the country, how much congestion is caused by
accidents and other incidents, whether expanding public transport
capacity can help overcome congestion, and the detailed dynamics of
how congestion arises on major expressways each day. co-operation
among localities. He also argues that building enough new roads to
fully alleviate current peak-hour traffic congestion is too costly,
and is already impossible in many of the world's largest
metropolitan areas. He believes major expansion of public
transportation - though possibly desirable to increase mobility -
will not decrease congestion much. And he concludes that rationing
roads would be unrealistic and ineffective. Since none of these
possibilities is practical, Downs seeks to explore why traffic
congestion has arisen in our society, why is it getting more
intensive, and why it cannot be eliminated entirely.
"In this volume, the author analyzes the problems of urban America
and presents economically sound alternatives to guide the growth
and development of metropolitan areas without increasing traffic
congestion and air pollution; endlessly raising taxes, or
sacrificing the availability of affordable housing. Copublished
with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy "
Peak-hour traffic congestion has become a major problem in most
U.S. cities. In fact, a majority of residents in metropolitan and
suburban areas consider congestion their most serious local
problem. As citizens have become increasingly frustrated by
repeated traffic delays that cost them money and waste time,
congestion has become an important factor affecting local
government policies in many parts of the nation. In this new book,
Anthony Downs looks at the causes of worsening traffic congestion,
especially in suburban areas, and considers the possible remedies.
He analyzes the specific advantages and disadvantages of every
major strategy that has been proposed to reduce congestion. In
nontechnical language, he focuses on two central issues: the
relationships between land-use and traffic flow in rapidly growing
areas, and whether local policies can effectively reduce congestion
or if more regional approaches are necessary. In rapidly growing
parts of the country, congestion is worse than it was five or ten
years ago. But Downs notes that the problem has apparently not yet
become bad enough to stimulate effective responses. Neither
government officials nor citizens seem willing to consider changing
the behavior and public policies that cause congestion. To
alleviate the problem, both groups must be prepared to make these
fundamental changes. Selected by Choice as an Outstanding Book of
1992 Co-published with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
"American cities are shifting collections of individual
neghborhoods. Thousands of residents move every year within and
among neighborhoods; their flows across a city can radically and
quickly alter the character of its neighborhoods. What is behind
all this ferment-the decline of one area, the revitalization of
another? Can the process be made more rational? Can city
neighborhoods be stabilized--and older cities thus preserved? This
book argues that such flows of residents are not random. Rather,
they are closely linked to overall migration into or out of each
metropolitan area and to the way U.S. cities develop. Downs
contends that both urban development and the social problems it
spawns are built upon social arrangements designed to benefit the
middle-class majority. Racial segregation divides housing in each
metropolitan area into two or more markets. Socioeconomic
segregation subdivides neighborhoods within each market into a
class hierarchy. The poor live mainly in the oldest neighborhoods,
close to the urban center. The affluent live in the newest
neighborhoods, mostly at the urban periphery. This separation stems
not from pure market forces but from exclusionary laws that make
the construction of low-cost housing illegal in most neighborhoods.
The resulting pattern determines where housing is built and what
housing is left to decay. Downs uses data from U.S. cities to
illustrate neighborhood change and to reach conclusions about ways
to cope with it. he explores the causes and nature of racial
segregation and integration, and he evaluates neighborhood
revitalization programs, which in reviving part of a city often
displace many poor residents. He presents a timely analysis of the
effect of higher energy costs upon urban sprawl, argues the wisdom
of reviving older cities rather than helping their residents move
elsewhere, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of public
and private policies at the federal, state, metropolitan-area,
city, and neighborhood levels. "
In this fast-paced, fact-filled short book, Anthony Downs takes a
close look at a national problem of increasing importance-opening
up the suburbs to the poor. After marshalling the arguments in
favor of introducing low and moderate income housing in suburban
areas where it is not now possible, he presents the suburbanites'
case against change. He finds legitimate claims and fears on both
sides. Mr. Downs believes it is possible, however, to devise public
policies that will reconcile the objectives and legitimate desires
of both poorer Americans desiring to upgrade themselves by entering
the suburbs and wealthier Americans desiring to protect the quality
of their hard-won suburban life. He proposes the concept of
balanced communities as well as other public policies to effect
this reconciliation. As the nation moves into the decade of the
seventies, the pressures of expanding population on the suburbs are
bound to increase. Anthony Downs provides here a thoughtful
analysis of the problems that are coming and practical proposals
for dealing with them, which will interest the professional planner
and the involved citizen alike.
"Advocates of growth management and smart growth often propose
policies that raise housing prices, thereby making housing less
affordable to many households trying to buy or rent homes. Such
policies include urban growth boundaries, zoning restrictions on
multi-family housing, utility district lines, building permit caps,
and even construction moratoria. Does this mean there is an
inherent conflict between growth management and smart growth on the
one hand, and creating more affordable housing on the other? Or can
growth management and smart growth promote policies that help
increase the supply of affordable housing? These issues are
critical to the future of affordable housing because so many local
communities are adopting various forms of growth management or
smart growth in response to growth-related problems. Those problems
include rising traffic congestion, the absorption of open space by
new subdivisions, and higher taxes to pay for new infrastructures.
This book explores the relationship between growth management and
smart growth and affordable housing in depth. It draws from
material presented at a symposium on these subjects held at the
Brookings Institution in May 2003, sponsored by the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development, the National Association of
Realtors, and the Fannie Mae Foundation. Contributors seek to
inform the debate and provide some useful answers to help the
nation accommodate the curtailment of growth in urban and suburban
domains while still ensuring a supply of affordable housing.
Contributors include Karen Destorel Brown (Brookings), Robert
Burchell, (Rutgers University), Daniel Carlson (University of
Washington), David L. Crawford (Econsult Corporation), Anthony
Downs (Brookings), Ingrid Gould Ellen (New York University),
William Fischel (Dartmouth College), George C. Galster (Wayne State
University), Jill Khadduri (Abt Associates), Gerrit J. Knaap
(University of Maryland), Robert Lang (Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University), Shishir Mathur (University of
Washington), Arthur C. Nelson (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University), Rolf Pendall (Cornell University), Douglas R.
Porter, (Growth Management Institute), Michael Pyatok (University
of Washington), Michael Schill (New York University School of Law),
Samuel R. Staley (Reason Public Policy Institute), Richard P. Voith
(Econsult Corporation). "
This work explores the hermeneutics of Gerard Manley Hopkins's
notions of the self, applying his ideas of selving to his poetry.
The author applies Paul Ricoeur's notions of the human self to
Hopkins's work and then surveys his religious poetry to exhibit the
creative dynamic of selving.
This work explores the hermeneutics of Gerard Manley Hopkins's
notions of the self, applying his ideas of selving to his poetry.
The author applies Paul Ricoeur's notions of the human self to
Hopkins's work and then surveys his religious poetry to exhibit the
creative dynamic of selving.
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