This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Discourse Anaphora and Anaphor Resolution Colloquium, DAARC 2011, held in Faro, Portugal, in October 2011. The 16 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 initial submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computational resolution methodology and systems; language analysis and representation; and human processing and performance.

Distribution of anaphora in natural language and the complexity of its resolution have resulted in a wide range of disciplines focusing their research on this grammatical phenomenon. It has emerged as one of the most productive topics of multi- and int- disciplinary research such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence and human language technology, theoretical, cognitive, corpus and computational linguistics, philosophy of language, psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology. Anaphora plays a major role in understanding a language and also accounts for the cohesion of a text. Correct interpretation of anaphora is necessary in all high-level natural language pr- essing applications. Given the growing importance of the study of anaphora in the last few decades, it has emerged as the frontier area of research. This is evident from the high-quality th submissions received for the 7 DAARC from where the 10 excellent reports on - search findings are selected for this volume. These are the regular papers that were presented at DAARC.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language, PROPOR 2016, held in Tomar, Portugal, in July 2016. The 23 full papers and 14 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: language applications, language processing, and language resources.

The International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese-PROPOR -is the main event in the area of natural language processing that is focused on Portuguese and the theoretical and technological issues related to this language. It w- comes contributions for both written and spoken language processing. The event is hosted in Brazil and in Portugal. The meetings have been held in Lisbon/Portugal (1993), Curitiba/Brazil (1996), Porto Alegre/Brazil (1998), Evora/ Portugal (1999), Atibaia/Brazil (2000), Faro/Portugal (2003), Itatiaia/Brazil (2006) and Aveiro/Portugal (2008). This meeting has been a highly productive forum for the progress of this area and to foster the cooperation among the researchers working on the automated processing of the Portuguese language. PROPOR brings together research groups, promoting the development of methodologies, resources and projects that can be shared among all researchers and practitioners in the field. The ninth edition of this event was held in Porto Alegre, Brazil, at Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). It had two main tracks: one for language processing and another one for speech processing. This event hosted a special Demonstration Session and the first edition of the PhD and MSc Dissertation Contest, which aimed at recognizing the best academic work on processing of the Portuguese language in the last few years. This edition of the event featured tutorials on statistical machine translation and on speech recognition, as well as invited talks by renowned researchers of natural language processing."

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