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A thorough survey of four tehsils of Sargodha District was carried
out to investigate the present status of citrus decline in citrus
orchards. The maximum fungi (39.52 %) were isolated from the roots
followed by the soil (38.86%). The maximum Fusarium spp followed by
Aspergillus and Alternaria were isolated from the collected samples
of roots and soil from the four tehsils of Sargodha District. The
maximum Fusarium spp was isolated from the roots of declining
citrus trees from the tehsil Bhalwal (68.57%) followed by the Kot
Momin (65.87%), Sillanwali (55.87%) and Sargodha (50.32%). F.
solani gave the maximum mycelial growth on the Corn Meal Dextrose
Agar medium followed by the Potato Dextrose Agar medium and then
Malt Extract Agar medium. The maximum growth of F. solani was
observed at pH 6 followed by 5, 4 and 7. While minimum growth was
obtained at 3, 8 and 9 pH respectively Toxin studies were also
carried out using thin layer chromatography which revealed that F.
Solani produces toxins (anhydrofusarubin) which may cause decline
in citrus.
Molecular markers are useful for precise assessment of diversity
and phylogenetic relationships among different species and related
genera at the DNA level without some of the over simplifying
assumptions associated with calculating genetic diversity based on
pedigree history. The objective of present study was to have a
basic understanding of the genetic diversity that exists in the
germplasm available for breeding, which is fundamental for the
success of any breeding program. For this study 40 sugarcane
accessions were collected from the germplasm source. The accessions
consist of advance lines, approved varieties and wild species (S.
barberi). Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and
Micro-satellite (SSR) analysis was performed using 80 primers. Use
of SSR and RAPD primers together offers the potential of more cost
effective data acquisition than is the case with other
technologies. These primers sequence vary in different varieties of
sugarcane, and this variability may be used to develop molecular
markers for mapping sugarcane genes and traits, these sequences
being the part of sugarcane genome predicted to be most immediately
useful to plant breeder and geneticists.
Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature, light,
salinity, drought stress, field capacity, pH and sowing depth on
germination of Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. All experiments were
laid out in completely randomized design each with four
replications. Data were recorded for 15 days on parameter like
germination percentage, time to start germination, time to 50%
germination, mean germination time and germination index. Mean
germination time and germination index were significant in both
salinity and drought stress, except time to start germination and
time to 50% germination which were non significant. Increasing
field capacity from 0 to 100% increase emergence percentage, time
to start emergence, time to 50% emergence, mean emergence time and
emergence index. Maximum germination was occurred at neutral pH 7.
Emergence decreased with increase in sowing depth with maximum seed
grown (72.50%) at soil surface 0 cm and minimum (35.00%) at 6cm.
Study on correlation and path coefficient analysis for cane yield
and yield related traits in ten accession of sugarcane (Saccharum
officinarum L.) was conducted Analysis of variance indicated highly
significant differences among the accessions for all the traits.
The study of path analysis for yield related traits depicted that
plant height, cane thickness, leaf area, internodal distance and
brix value had the direct negative effects on yield. Study carried
out to investigate the response of different sugarcane varieties to
Callogenesis in order to analyze variation for sugarcane mosaic
virus resistance. Total 26 parent plants and 64 somaclones of
HSF-240 were selected for screening of virus through Das ELISA
test. Four parent plants out of 26 showed negative and Ten
somaclones showed positive reaction to the disease and were
declared as susceptible.Somaclones produced were also analyzed by
microsattelite molecular markers in order to analyze the vriation
between parents and somaclones produced at molecular level.It may
be concluded from the results that SSRs can be used for
identification of somaclonal variation and the relationship between
parents and somaclones.
A 5 x 5 diallel cross experiment was conducted involving the
verities i.e. AC-134, MS-39, 124-F, CIM-473, and LA-85-52-2 to
evaluate the type of gene action involved in the inheritance of
various morphological and yield contributing traits in upland
cotton. The analysis of variance revealed that differences between
genotypes for all the traits were highly significant. The results
of joint regression analysis revealed that the data for all the
traits were fit for simpole additive dominance model.The genotype
AC-134 carried maximum dominant genes for plant height, number of
sympodial branches and ginning out turn. The genotype 124-F
possessed maximum number of dominant genes for number of monopodial
branches.The genotype CIM- 473 was found to be the best general
combiner for number of bolls per plant, boll weight while the
genotype MS-39 seemed to be the best general combiner for plant
height. From the above results it was suggested that the plant
traits could be improved by simple selection procedure because they
are controlled by additive type of gene action as far their
phenotypic expression is concerned.
Investigations were done to find out the Agro-qualitative response
of forage maize (Zea mays L.), blended and intercropped with forage
legumes.The experiment consisted of 10 treatments containing
different combinations of maize with legumes i.e. sesbania and
cluster bean.This study was focused to achieve high quantity and
better quality of maize fodder.Aim of the study was to determine
the more efficient method of sowing and to have a look on the most
favorable combination of maize and legumes. The better sowing
method and combination of legumes with non-legume fodder can
provide the higher quantity and better quality of fodder to the
dairy industry of Pakistan.Data on growth, yield and quality
parameters was recorded by using standard procedures, statistically
analyzed using Fishers analysis of variance technique and least
significant difference (LSD) test at 5 % probability will be used
to compare the treatment's means.Keeping in view the results of the
present study, it was concluded that the good quantity and quality
of forage maize (Zea mays L.) sown mixed with forage legumes can be
obtained by interrow growing of maize and sesbania in 30 cm apart
rows under Sahiwal conditions
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